Epstein-Barr virus reactivation induces divergent abortive, reprogrammed, and host shutoff states by lytic progression.

Viral infection leads to heterogeneous cellular outcomes ranging from refractory to abortive and fully productive states. Single cell transcriptomics enables a high resolution view of these distinct post-infection states. Here, we have interrogated the host-pathogen dynamics following reactivation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).

Epstein-Barr virus reactivation induces divergent abortive, reprogrammed, and host shutoff states by lytic progression.

Viral infection leads to heterogeneous cellular outcomes ranging from refractory to abortive and fully productive states. Single cell transcriptomics enables a high resolution view of these distinct post-infection states. Here, we have interrogated the host-pathogen dynamics following reactivation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).

Management of Spontaneous Aortic Thrombus Following Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy in Urothelial Cancer: A Case Report.

Spontaneous aortic thrombosis is exceedingly rare, and optimal treatment remains uncertain. We present an unusual case of a spontaneous aortic thrombus at the renal artery level in a patient undergoing active cisplatin treatment for urothelial carcinoma. Management included catheter-directed thrombolysis followed by thrombectomy.

suppresses -induced NETosis and promotes bacterial survival in polymicrobial infections.

is an opportunistic pathogen that is frequently co-isolated with other microbes in wound infections. While can subvert the host immune response and promote the survival of other microbes via interbacterial synergy, little is known about the impact of -mediated immune suppression on co-infecting microbes. We hypothesized that can attenuate neutrophil-mediated responses in mixed-species infection to promote survival of the co-infecting species.

Measuring Rosetting Inhibition in Plasmodium falciparum Parasites Using a Flow Cytometry-Based Assay.

Rosetting is the ability of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes (IEs) to bind to host receptors on the surface of uninfected erythrocytes (uE) leading to the formation of a cluster of cells with a central IE surrounded by uE. It is a hallmark event during the pathogenesis of P. falciparum malaria, the most severe species causing malaria, which affects mostly young children in Africa.

Heme cross-feeding can augment Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis dual species biofilms.

The contribution of biofilms to virulence and as a barrier to treatment is well-established for Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis, both nosocomial pathogens frequently isolated from biofilm-associated infections. Despite frequent co-isolation, their interactions in biofilms have not been well-characterized. We report that in combination, these two species can give rise to augmented biofilms biomass that is dependent on the activation of E.

Aortic endograft infection secondary to : A case report and review of the literature.

Aortic graft infection is a rare complication after endovascular aneurysm repair that is usually caused by gram-positive organisms such as spp or gram-negative organisms such as or spp. We have presented a unique case of a patient with acute graft infection secondary to Because treatment of infections is challenging owing to its inherent resistance to multiple antibiotics, we have proposed an approach for managing similar cases in the future. Lifestyle advice on avoiding soil exposure in the postoperative period after endovascular aneurysm repair might be an important preventative measure in endemic regions.

Monocarboxylate transporter antagonism reveals metabolic vulnerabilities of viral-driven lymphomas.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous herpesvirus that typically causes asymptomatic infection but can promote B lymphoid tumors in the immune suppressed. In vitro, EBV infection of primary B cells stimulates glycolysis during immortalization into lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). Lactate export during glycolysis is crucial for continued proliferation of many cancer cells-part of a phenomenon known as the "Warburg effect"- and is mediated by monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs).

Enhanced virulence of Plasmodium falciparum in blood of diabetic patients.

Rising prevalence of diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa, coupled with continued malaria transmission, has resulted more patients dealing with both communicable and non-communicable diseases. We previously reported that travelers with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) infected with Plasmodium falciparum were three times more likely to develop severe malaria than non-diabetics. Here we explore the biological basis for this by testing blood from uninfected subjects with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, ex vivo, for their effects on parasite growth and rosetting (binding of infected erythrocytes to uninfected erythrocytes).

Targeting nucleotide metabolism as the nexus of viral infections, cancer, and the immune response.

Virus-infected cells and cancers share metabolic commonalities that stem from their insatiable need to replicate while evading the host immune system. These similarities include hijacking signaling mechanisms that induce metabolic rewiring in the host to up-regulate nucleotide metabolism and, in parallel, suppress the immune response. In both cancer and viral infections, the host immune cells and, specifically, lymphocytes augment nucleotide synthesis to support their own proliferation and effector functions.

Treatment of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) in a heart transplant recipient with chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy.

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) are a group of lesions that can complicate solid organ or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and are often associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The treatment of PTLD is dependent on the type of lesion and includes a wide range of therapies, but chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has not previously been reported as a treatment option for PTLD. We present a patient who developed refractory PTLD in her right retroperitoneum, right inguinal and iliac chains, and right axillary region shortly after heart transplantation and was treated with CAR T-cell therapy.

Pediatric hematopoietic cell transplantation: Longitudinal trends in body mass index and outcomes.

Pediatric recipients of HCT may have a high susceptibility for overweight and obesity, and obesity may negatively impact post-transplant mortality and survival. This is a single-center retrospective analysis of 297 pediatric patients who received HCT between 2005 and 2018. Patients were classified as UW, NW, OW, or OB based on age-adjusted BMI.

Use of the Gastroduodenal Artery in Hepatic Artery Reconstruction for Iatrogenic Hepatic Artery Injury During Laparoscopic Total Gastrectomy: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Iatrogenic injury of the hepatic artery is a potential hazard of hepatopancreatobiliary and gastric surgery. Prompt recognition and specialist management is paramount to limit morbidity for the patient. Several reconstruction options have been reported in the literature, but the optimum approach should be tailored to the individual patient bearing in mind variations in anatomy, clinical conditions, and other concurrent operative interventions.

Maximally Disfiguring Surgery for Forefoot Osteomyelitis: Time for a Rethink?

The treatment of choice for diabetic foot osteomyelitis is surgical debridement and targeted antibiotics with or without revascularization, depending on vascular status. In our society, debridement is done by either a vascular or orthopedic surgeon, and the common teaching is that generous amputation of bone with the accompanying soft tissue envelope is essential for adequate source control and to prevent recurrence (which remains as high as 30% even with this approach). Most of our patients undergo formal ray amputation through the metatarsal neck, while a few get digital amputations through the interphalangeal joints.

Viral hijacking of cellular metabolism.

This review discusses the current state of the viral metabolism field and gaps in knowledge that will be important for future studies to investigate. We discuss metabolic rewiring caused by viruses, the influence of oncogenic viruses on host cell metabolism, and the use of viruses as guides to identify critical metabolic nodes for cancer anabolism. We also discuss the need for more mechanistic studies identifying viral proteins responsible for metabolic hijacking and for in vivo studies of viral-induced metabolic rewiring.

Author Correction: Biofilm-associated infection by enterococci.

In the section on initial attachment and in Figure 1 it was erroneously indicated that enterococcal surface protein (Esp) binds collagen and fibrinogen. The text and figure were changed to remove this binding interaction both online and in the pdf. The authors apologize for any confusion caused.

Biofilm-associated infection by enterococci.

Enterococci are ubiquitous members of the human gut microbiota and frequent causes of biofilm-associated opportunistic infections. Enterococci cause 25% of all catheter-associated urinary tract infections, are frequently isolated in wounds and are increasingly found in infective endocarditis, and all of these infections are associated with biofilms. Enterococcal biofilms are intrinsically tolerant to antimicrobials and thus are a serious impediment for treating infections.

SURGE complex of Plasmodium falciparum in the rhoptry-neck (SURFIN4.2-RON4-GLURP) contributes to merozoite invasion.

Plasmodium falciparum invasion into red blood cells (RBCs) is a complex process engaging proteins on the merozoite surface and those contained and sequentially released from the apical organelles (micronemes and rhoptries). Fundamental to invasion is the formation of a moving junction (MJ), a region of close apposition of the merozoite and the RBC plasma membranes, through which the merozoite draws itself before settling into a newly formed parasitophorous vacuole (PV). SURFIN4.

Limb Stent Occlusion from Intraoperative Nellix Stent Migration and Prolapse.

Background: Incidence of Nellix stent migration is uncommon despite the absence of a proximal fixation mechanism. We present a case of intraoperative Nellix stent migration to highlight the potential complications. Our patient had renal artery occlusion and threatened limb stent perfusion as a result of intraoperative stent migration, with resultant prolapse of the Nellix endobag.

A Rare Case of Multifocal Papillary Thyroid Cancer in Bilateral Thyroid Cysts.

Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) can present as a thyroid cyst. In its more aggressive form, PTC may be multifocal in nature and is associated with a poorer prognosis. In patients whom PTC is diagnosed incidentally after a diagnostic lobectomy, the decision whether to offer completion thyroidectomy is sometimes challenging to make if such patients fall in the 'low-to-intermediate' risk category.

Antibodies in children with malaria to PfEMP1, RIFIN and SURFIN expressed at the Plasmodium falciparum parasitized red blood cell surface.

Naturally acquired antibodies to proteins expressed on the Plasmodium falciparum parasitized red blood cell (pRBC) surface steer the course of a malaria infection by reducing sequestration and stimulating phagocytosis of pRBC. Here we have studied a selection of proteins representing three different parasite gene families employing a well-characterized parasite with a severe malaria phenotype (FCR3S1.2).

Greater Compliance within Instruction for Use for Concomitant Iliac Aneurysms and Adverse Aneurysm Characteristics-Initial Experience with the Nellix Endovascular Aneurysm Sealing System at a Single Institution.

Background: The Nellix was introduced to Asia in 2014. Data in Asians have been sparse. Two balloon-expandable stents, each surrounded by a polymer-filled endobag, are deployed in parallel to obliterate and seal the aneurysm.

Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma of the neck - A case report.

Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma very rarely affect the neck. We report a case of a 62year old man who presented with a right sided skin lump which he noticed after sustaining a neck contusion in a road traffic accident about one year ago. The initial CT and ultrasound scans of the lump were suggestive of a thrombosed varix.