Green technologies applied to extraction processes and analysis of polyphenolic compounds from Inga laurina Willd.

This study aimed to identify an efficient and sustainable extraction method for phenolic compounds and flavonoids from I. laurina using maceration (conventional), ultrasonic bath and probes, cup horn sonication, and microwave. It evaluated extraction parameters and assessed total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, antioxidant, and antimicrobial capacities, with annotated compounds via ESI-ToF-MS and the green analytical procedure index analysis.

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of chromium from tanned leather shavings: A promising continuous flow technology for the treatment of solid waste.

In this work, a continuous flow extraction system assisted by ultrasound (US) was developed for the extraction of Cr(III) from residual tanned leather shavings. US energy was delivered into the system by a tubular applicator (clamp-on tube US applicator). The effect of the US energy was investigated at 20 kHz of frequency and electrical input power of 75, 150, 300 and 600 W.

Activity of Free and Liposomal Antimony Trioxide in the Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Cell Line NB4.

Background/aim: Antimony is a chemical element used in the therapy of parasitic diseases with a promising anticancer potential. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro activity of free or liposomal vesicle-packed antimony trioxide (AT or LAT) in the t(15;17)(q22;q21) translocation-positive acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cell line NB4.

Materials And Methods: Cytotoxicity was analysed with trypan blue exclusion, the MTT assay and neutral red exclusion assay; cell proliferation with PicoGreen; and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production with DCFDA.

Development of an eco-friendly sample preparation protocol for metal determination in food samples: an oxygen pressurized single reaction chamber using diluted nitric acid.

Many efforts have been recently made to improve the digestion efficiency by using powerful equipment or by using an auxiliary reagent. In this work, an alternative method is reported, which explores a digestion system based on a single reaction chamber (SRC) technology pressurized with O for reducing the amount of acid, without impairing the digestion efficiency. Before digestion, the system was pressurized with compressed air (20 bar, 20% O) while the temperature was evaluated from 180 up to 270 °C.

Ultrasound-assisted biomass valorization to industrial interesting products: state-of-the-art, perspectives and challenges.

Nowadays, the application of ultrasound (US) energy for assisting the lignocellulosic biomass and waste materials conversion into value-added products has dramatically increased. In this sense, this review covers theoretical aspects, promising applications, challenges and perspectives about US and its use for biomass treatment. The combination of US energy with a suitable reaction time, temperature and solvent contributes to the destruction of recalcitrant lignin structure, allowing the products to be used in thermochemical and biological process.

A single step ultrasound-assisted nitrocellulose synthesis from microcrystalline cellulose.

Nitrocellulose is a nitrated cellulose polymer with a broad application in industry. Depending on the nitrogen content, this polymer can be used for manufacturing explosives, varnishes, clothes, and films, being considered a product of high value-added. In this work, the use of ultrasound was investigated for the intensification of nitrocellulose synthesis from microcrystalline cellulose.

Ultrasound-assisted conversion of tannic acid to gallic acid as a strategy to obtain value-added products.

In this work, ultrasound was applied for the conversion of tannic acid into gallic acid using only diluted HO as reagent. Experiments were carried out using several types of ultrasonic horns operating at 20 kHz (VC750W processor). The following experimental conditions were evaluated: HO concentration (0.

Determination of microplastic content in seafood: An integrated approach combined with the determination of elemental contaminants.

A method for the determination of microplastic (MP) content in seafood is proposed based on the selective digestion of seafood without the degradation of MP. A simple approach was developed using diluted acid with microwave-assisted wet digestion. The following parameters were evaluated: nitric acid concentration (0.

Consequences of oxidative damage on the fatty acid profile in muscle of Cichlasoma amazonarum acutely exposed to copper.

Rapid industrialization results in the production of large quantities of waste that are commonly discharged into water bodies, leading to the damage of the aquatic ecosystem and freshwater organisms. Copper (Cu) can induce oxidative damage in fish muscle, the main fish portion that is consumed by humans. However, the responses of the Amazon fish Cichlasoma amazonarum and its capacity to withstand acute Cu concentrations found in Amazon water around mines remain unknown.

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of chromium from residual tanned leather: An innovative strategy for the reuse of waste in tanning industry.

The tannery industry generates huge amount of waste with high Cr concentration, being classified as a dangerous waste. The development of alternative treatments for these residues aiming environmental friendly protocols are important topics of research. In this work, the use of ultrasound (US) energy for Cr removal from residual tanned leather was investigated.

Furfural production from lignocellulosic biomass by ultrasound-assisted acid hydrolysis.

Furanic platforms (e.g. furfural, furfuryl alcohol and hydroxymethylfurfural) can be obtained from biomass, being considered as a green alternative to petrochemical products such as fuels, and solvents.

Determination of toxic elements in yerba mate by ICP-MS after diluted acid digestion under O pressure.

In this work, a procedure allowing effective digestion of a high mass of yerba mate (up to 1500 mg) using diluted HNO in a system pressurized with oxygen, is proposed. Digests were suitable for direct analysis by ICP-MS, virtually free of interferences. Digestion was performed using 7 mol l HNO and 8 bar O.

Maxwell-Wagner Effect Applied to Microwave-Induced Self-Ignition: A Novel Approach for Carbon-Based Materials.

A new method for analytical applications based on the Maxwell-Wagner effect is proposed. Considering the interaction of carbonaceous materials with an electromagnetic field in the microwave frequency range, a very fast heating is observed due to interfacial polarization that results in localized microplasma formation. Such effect was evaluated in this work using a monomode microwave system, and temperature was recorded using an infrared camera.

Health risk assessment and soil and plant heavy metal and bromine contents in field plots after ten years of organic and mineral fertilization.

Heavy metals and bromine (Br) derived from organic and industrialized fertilizers can be absorbed, transported and accumulated into parts of plants ingested by humans. This study aimed to evaluate in an experiment conducted under no-tillage for 10 years, totaling 14 applications of pig slurry manure (PS), pig deep-litter (PL), dairy slurry (DS) and mineral fertilizer (MF), the heavy metal and Br contents in soil and in whether the grains produced by corn (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.

Microwave-induced combustion: Thermal and morphological aspects for understanding the mechanism of ignition process for analytical applications.

In the present work, for the first time a systematic study was performed using an infrared camera and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled to energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) to evaluate the mechanisms involved in microwave-induced combustion method, which has been extensively used for sample preparation. Cellulose and glass fiber discs, wetted with the igniter solution (6molL NHNO), were evaluated under microwave field in a monomode system. The temperature of the discs surface was recorded during microwave irradiation and the effect of NHNO concentration and irradiation time on cellulose oxidation was evaluated.

Ultrasound-assisted acid hydrolysis of cellulose to chemical building blocks: Application to furfural synthesis.

In this work, the use of ultrasound energy for the production of furanic platforms from cellulose was investigated and the synthesis of furfural was demonstrated. Several systems were evaluated, as ultrasound bath, cup horn and probe, in order to investigate microcrystalline cellulose conversion using simply a diluted acid solution and ultrasound. Several acid mixtures were evaluated for hydrolysis, as diluted solutions of HNO, HSO, HCl and HCO.

Intensification of ultrasonic-assisted crude oil demulsification based on acoustic field distribution data.

Water removal is an essential step during crude oil production due to several problems such as increased transportation costs and high corrosion rate due to dissolved salts. Indirect low frequency ultrasonic energy (US), using baths, has been recently proposed as an effective alternative for crude oil demulsification. However, the reactor position during sonication and its influence on the demulsification efficiency for crude oil has not been evaluated.

Effects of zinc against mercury toxicity in female rats 12 and 48 hours after HgCl2 exposure.

This work investigated the toxicity of inorganic mercury and zinc preventive effects in female rats sacrificed 12 or 48 h after HgCl2 exposure. Female Wistar rats were subcutaneously injected with ZnCl2 (27 mg/kg) or saline (0.9 %), and 24 h later they were exposed to HgCl2 (5 mg/kg) or saline (0.

Microwave-assisted wet digestion with H2O2 at high temperature and pressure using single reaction chamber for elemental determination in milk powder by ICP-OES and ICP-MS.

In this work a green digestion method which only used H2O2 as an oxidant and high temperature and pressure in the single reaction chamber system (SRC-UltraWave™) was applied for subsequent elemental determination by inductively coupled plasma-based techniques. Milk powder was chosen to demonstrate the feasibility and advantages of the proposed method. Samples masses up to 500mg were efficiently digested, and the determination of Ca, Fe, K, Mg and Na was performed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), while trace elements (B, Ba, Cd, Cu, Mn, Mo, Pb, Sr and Zn) were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).

Bromine and Iodine Contents in Raw and Cooked Shrimp and Its Parts.

The concentration of bromine and iodine was determined in shrimp and its parts (tissue and shells), and changes in the analyte concentration were evaluated after the cooking procedure. Bromine and iodine concentrations were determined by a method recently developed by our research group based on microwave-induced combustion for sample preparation and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for analyte determination. The accuracy was evaluated using a reference material (NIST 8414) that was digested using the proposed method.

Microwave-assisted ultraviolet digestion of petroleum coke for the simultaneous determination of nickel, vanadium and sulfur by ICP-OES.

A method for the simultaneous determination of Ni, V and S in petroleum coke by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) after microwave-assisted ultraviolet digestion (MW-UV) in closed vessels was proposed. Digestion was performed using electrodeless discharge lamps positioned inside quartz vessels and turned on by microwave radiation. The following parameters were evaluated: HNO3 concentration (15 mL of 1, 4, 7, 10 or 14.

Determination of propranolol hydrochloride in pharmaceutical preparations using near infrared spectrometry with fiber optic probe and multivariate calibration methods.

A method for determination of propranolol hydrochloride in pharmaceutical preparation using near infrared spectrometry with fiber optic probe (FTNIR/PROBE) and combined with chemometric methods was developed. Calibration models were developed using two variable selection models: interval partial least squares (iPLS) and synergy interval partial least squares (siPLS). The treatments based on the mean centered data and multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) were selected for models construction.

Simple and fast method for iron determination in white and red wines using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry.

This work reports the development of a method for Fe extraction in white and red wines using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) and determination by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry. For optimization of the DLLME method, the following parameters were evaluated: type and volume of dispersive (1300 μL of acetonitrile) and extraction (80 μL of C(2)Cl(4)) solvents, pH (3.0), concentration of ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (APDC, 500 μL of 1% m/v APDC solution), NaCl concentration (not added), and extraction time.

Effect of simultaneous cooling on microwave-assisted wet digestion of biological samples with diluted nitric acid and O2 pressure.

The present work evaluates the influence of vessel cooling simultaneously to microwave-assisted digestion performed in a closed system with diluted HNO3 under O2 pressure. The effect of outside air flow-rates (60-190 m(3) h(-1)) used for cooling of digestion vessels was evaluated. An improvement in digestion efficiency caused by the reduction of HNO3 partial pressure was observed when using higher air flow-rate (190 m(3) h(-1)), decreasing the residual carbon content for whole milk powder from 21.

Analytical methods for the determination of halogens in bioanalytical sciences: a review.

Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine have been studied in biological samples and other related matrices owing to the need to understand the biochemical effects in living organisms. In this review, the works published in last 20 years are covered, and the main topics related to sample preparation methods and analytical techniques commonly used for fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine determination in biological samples, food, drugs, and plants used as food or with medical applications are discussed. The commonest sample preparation methods, as extraction and decomposition using combustion and pyrohydrolysis, are reviewed, as well as spectrometric and electroanalytical techniques, spectrophotometry, total reflection X-ray fluorescence, neutron activation analysis, and separation systems using chromatography and electrophoresis.