Grade 4 astrocytoma vs. grade 4 glioblastoma: is there any clue in H&E?

Gliomas are the most common primary tumors of the central nervous system. The fifth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumors of the CNS identifies IDH mutant astrocytomas grade 4 and IDH wild type glioblastomas grade 4 as distinct entities. This study aimed to identify morphological indicators that could predict IDH mutation status in grade 4 diffuse astrocytomas and grade 4 glioblastomas among fifty patients from two groups.

Impact of obesity on subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced cerebral vasospasm: An experimental rat model.

Aim: Obesity has emerged as a critical risk factor for various cerebrovascular diseases. Studies have demonstrated the detrimental effects of obesity on vascular health, including endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress, which may exacerbate vascular complications following hemorrhagic stroke. In this study, the effect of obesity on the severity of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage was investigated.

Transcallosal and endoscopic hybrid approach to a rare entity of pediatric intraventricular tumors-cribriform neuroepithelial tumor: a case report and literature review.

Purpose: Cribriform neuroepithelial tumor (CRINET) is a provisional category of intraventricular tumors, sharing similarities with AT/RTs, and there is a lack of data about its pathology, prognosis, and surgical approaches in the literature. We have been challenged to describe the surgical approach to a rare case of CRINET and describe the intraoperative features since none has been described before. Surgical resection and chemotherapy hold a great importance of favorable prognosis.

Anterior segment optical coherence tomography in ocular surface tumours and simulating lesions.

This study aims to systematically review the reported literature on the use of anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) in ocular surface tumours and simulating lesions. A systematic literature search was done using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases between January 2002 and December 2021. On AS-OCT, ocular surface squamous neoplasia typically demonstrate epithelial thickening, epithelial hyperreflectivity, and an abrupt transition between normal and abnormal epithelium.

Primary adenosquamous carcinoma of the endometrium with glassy cell features. A diagnostic pitfall as a very rare tumour type in the endometrium.

Primary adenosquamous carcinoma of the endometrium with glassy cell features (ASCGCF) is an extremely rare entity and to date, 16 cases of this entity have been reported in the literature. ASC-GCF is an aggressive histological subtype of cervical carcinoma with rapid growth and early metastases; however, very little is known about those originating from the endometrium as they are limited to only a few case reports. Herein, we report a case of primary adenosquamous carcinoma of the endometrium with extensive glassy cell features which posed a major diagnostic challenge by mimicking many entities with its histological diversity.

Endonasal endoscopic approach for sellar metastatic pathologies: a national observation.

Purpose: Sellar metastases are rare lesions. Recent improvements in diagnosis and treatment strategies have prolonged survival but increased the probability of metastatic tumors. Evaluation with clinical symptomatology and meticulous laboratory examination is crucial.

Morphology of the trigeminal ganglion: anatomical structures related to trigeminal radiofrequency rhizotomy.

Background: Trigeminal neuralgia is the most common example of craniofacial neuralgia. Its etiology is unknown and is characterized by severe episodes of paroxysmal pain. The trigeminal ganglion and its adjacent anatomical structures have a complex anatomy.

Cranial and Spinal Oligodendrogliomatosis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Secondary leptomeningeal gliomatosis is a condition known as a result of invasion of the subarachnoid space or the ventricular system of primary intraparenchymal glioma. In this article, we present a 7-year-old boy presented with neck and back deformity and deterioration of gait. Cranial and spinal magnetic resonance imaging revealed lesions in the supratentorial and infratentorial areas, in the brainstem downward the spinal cord.

Systematized Epidermal Nevus Syndrome Involving the Upper and Lower Eyelids Bilaterally.

A 29-year-old woman presented with dark-colored raised lesions on both eyelids since early childhood. Ophthalmological examination revealed pigmented verrucous lesions on her upper and lower eyelids bilaterally. The patient had a history of generalized tonic-clonic seizures.

Prognostic implications of visceral obesity on gastric adenocarcinoma: does it really matter?

Purpose: To evaluate the association of visceral adiposity measured on computed tomography (CT) in preoperative period with lymph node (LN) metastasis and overall survival in gastric adenocarcinoma patients.

Methods: Preoperative CT scans of 246 gastric adenocarcinoma patients who did not receive neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy were evaluated. Visceral fat area (VFA), subcutaneous fat area (SFA) and Total fat area (TFA), VFA/TFA ratio were quantified by CT.

Contribution of small tissue biopsy and flow cytometry to preoperative cytological categorization of salivary gland fine needle aspirates according to the Milan System: Single center experience on 287 cases.

Background: Milan system for reporting salivary gland cytopathology (MSRSGC) was proposed to provide a standardized reporting system for salivary gland fine needle aspiration biopsies. Modified Menghini type semi-automatic aspiration biopsy needles provide small tissue fragments (STFs), as well as cellular smears, and immunohistochemical and molecular studies can be performed using the STFs.

Aims: We aimed to evaluate the contribution of STFs and ancillary techniques to pre-operative diagnosis of salivary gland lesions.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of Bartholin's gland diagnosed after lung lobectomy: Review of the literature and a case presentation.

Bartholin's gland was first identified in human female in 1675 by Caspar Bartholin. The Bartholin gland is composed of several epithelial types: The body is mucinous acini, the duct is predominantly transitional epithelium, and the orifice is the squamous epithelium. Primary carcinoma of the bartholin's gland is an uncommon neoplasm.

The role of unfolded protein response in the pathogenesis of endometriosis: contribution of peritoneal fluid.

Research Question: Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is caused by the accumulation of the misfolded or unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and induces the unfolded protein response (UPR). Peritoneal fluid is important in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. In this study, the role of UPR associated with ERS in endometriosis, and peritoneal fluid, were investigated.

Anterior segment optical coherence tomography, in vivo confocal microscopy, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical findings in a patient with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2b.

Purpose: To describe clinical, anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM), histopathologic, and immunohistochemical findings in a patient with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2b (MEN 2b) syndrome.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective case report of a patient with MEN 2b.

Results: A 31-year-old male diagnosed with MEN 2b presented with eye redness, burning, and visible conjunctival mass in both eyes.

Pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma with mediastinal lymph node metastasis: a case report.

Pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma (PSP) is a rare tumor and the imaging appearance is usually a well-circumscribed nodule. Herein we present the clinicopathological features of a 25-year-old female patient with a 4 cm mass in the left upper lobe. She had undergone lobectomy with lymph node dissection with an incorrect intraoperative frozen section diagnosis of adenocarcinoma and diagnosed as a PSP with lymph node metastasis on permanent sections.

Orbital Cavernous Hemangioma Presenting with a Dome-Shaped Maculopathy-Like Appearance on Swept-Source Optical Tomography Imaging.

A 43-year-old patient presented with painless proptosis, limited upgaze, and vision loss in the right eye. Funduscopic examination revealed right optic disc edema and subtle macular compression. Swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) revealed a smooth contoured elevation of the posterior pole without any distortion of retinal structures, an appearance closely simulating dome-shaped maculopathy.

Is it possible to discriminate pulmonary carcinoids from hamartomas based on CT features?

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the computed tomography (CT) features might be used in distinguishing pulmonary carcinoids from hamartomas.

Materials And Methods: Ninety solid pulmonary nodules (43 carcinoids and 47 hamartomas) in 90 patients were evaluated. The following CT scan features were evaluated: size, location (peripheral/central), contour (lobulated/nodular), number of lobulation, attenuation, calcification, endobronchial status, bronchial extension and involvement, parenchymal abnormalities distal to the lesion e.

Complementary role of 18F-FDG PET/CT for sentinel lymph node algorithm in endometrial cancer with high-risk factors for lymphatic metastasis.

Objective: National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) sentinel lymph node (SLN) algorithm includes 'mandatory steps' for evaluating pelvic lymph nodes, but assessment of paraaortic area is left to surgeon's discretion. In this study, we aimed to investigate the complementary role of preoperative F-FDG PET/computed tomography (CT) scan in detecting pelvic and especially paraaortic lymphatic metastasis in endometrial cancer patients with high-risk factor(s) according to Mayo Clinic Criteria and underwent SLN algorithm.

Methods: Patients who underwent preoperative F-FDG PET/CT scan, intraoperative SLN algorithm followed by systematic lymphadenectomy (LND) and had at least one high-risk criterion for lymphatic metastasis were included in this study.

Risk factors for failure of sentinel lymph node mapping using indocyanine green/near-infrared fluorescent imaging in endometrial cancer.

Purpose: Side-specific systematic lymphadenectomy is suggested if sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping failed in early stages endometrial cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors associated with failed mapping which may lead to modify SLN mapping technique, increase the success of SLN mapping and reduce the necessity of systematic lymphadenectomy.

Methods: Patients with early stage endometrial cancer were included in this study.

Primitive neuroectodermal tumor of genital tract in hysterectomized patient: A case report.

Primitive neuroectodermal tumors are high-grade malignant neoplasms. These are uncommon entities for the female genital tract. The treatment, management and follow-up period of Ewing's tumors are not well-defined because of their rarity in the genital tract.