ZrN-Based Multilayers Prepared by Reactive Sputtering as Coatings for Electrode Plates of Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers.

ZrN and TiN thin coatings have been investigated for use on stainless steel for bipolar plates of proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers. Films were deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering using Ar and N from metallic Zr and Ti targets on different substrates to perform a deep characterization of their relevant properties. The effect of the deposition parameters, such as N/Ar ratio, working pressure, or supplied power, has been explored.

New insights into the magnetism and magnetic structure of LuCrO perovskite.

A polycrystalline sample LuCrO has been characterized by neutron powder diffraction (NPD) and magnetization measurements. Its crystal structure has been Rietveld refined from NPD data in space group Pnma; this perovskite contains strongly tilted CrO octahedra with extremely bent Cr-O-Cr superexchange angles of ∼142°. The NPD data show that below Néel temperature (T ≃ 131 K), the magnetic structure can be defined as an A-type antiferromagnetic arrangement of Cr magnetic moments, aligned along the b axis, with a canting along the c axis.

Magnetism of metastable γ-FePd nanowire arrays across an unusually broad temperature range (5 K to 800 K).

Arrays of 50 nm diameter FePd cylindrical nanowires were electrochemically grown, crystallizing in a metastable γ-Fe(Pd) A1 disordered solid solution. After performing a heating-cooling thermal cycle between 300 K and 1000 K, the γ-Fe(Pd) metastable phase still predominates (97%), coexisting with a not-fully-identified minority phase. The thermal cycling induces a moderate increase in the crystallite size and a reduction of the lattice parameter although leading to a significant heating-cooling magnetic hysteresis.

Magnetocaloric Properties in Rare-Earth-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks: Influence of Magnetic Density and Hydrostatic Pressure.

Magnetic refrigeration based on the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in metal-organic frameworks (MOF) is regarded as an attractive approach to create more sustainable cooling systems with higher efficiency than traditional ones. Here, we report a study of the MCE in a series of rare-earth-based MOFs. We have considered the selection of the rare-earth cation by investigating materials belonging to the α-rare-earth polymeric framework-4 (α-RPF-4) MOF family, synthesized with different rare-earth cations, and observed that paramagnetic moment and saturation magnetization play an important role in enhancing the magnetic entropy change Δ.

Elucidating the Magnetoelastic Coupling, Pressure-Dependent Magnetic Behavior, and Anomalous Hall Effect in FeTiS Intercalation Sulfides.

Transition-metal chalcogenides with intercalated layered structures are interesting systems in material physics due to their attractive electronic and magnetic properties, with applications in the fields of magnetic refrigerators, catalysts, and thermoelectrics, among others. In this work, we studied in detail the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of (Fe,Ti)-based sulfides with formula FeTiS ( = 0.24, 0.

X-Ray Nanothermometry of Nanoparticles in Tumor-Mimicking Tissues under Photothermia.

Temperature plays a critical role in regulating body mechanisms and indicating inflammatory processes. Local temperature increments above 42 °C are shown to kill cancer cells in tumorous tissue, leading to the development of nanoparticle-mediated thermo-therapeutic strategies for fighting oncological diseases. Remarkably, these therapeutic effects can occur without macroscopic temperature rise, suggesting localized nanoparticle heating, and minimizing side effects on healthy tissues.

Parsley Health: Feasibility and acceptability of a large-scale holistic telehealth program for chronic disease care.

Background: A holistic, personalized approach to medicine can be used to prevent and manage a variety of chronic diseases. However, effectively managing chronic diseases can be difficult due to barriers related to insufficient provider time, staffing, and lack of patient engagement. To address these challenges telehealth strategies are being increasingly adopted, yet few studies have explored how to evaluate the feasibility and implementation success of large-scale holistic telehealth models for chronic disease care.

Brief counseling for smoking cessation and alcohol use reduction concomitant with hospital procedures: a randomized clinical trial.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of brief counseling on patient readiness for behavioral change and cessation/reduction of tobacco and alcohol use.

Methods: This clinical trial randomized patients in blocks, stratified by risk factor. Adult smokers or at-risk drinkers undergoing surgical or diagnostic procedures were recruited.

Tissue-Sparing Outcome of Mohs Micrographic Surgery in Squamous Cell Carcinomas.

Background: Micrographic Mohs Surgery (MMS) offers the highest cure rates and healthy skin tissue sparing effect compared with standard excision.

Objective: To quantify the tissue-sparing properties of MMS in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in comparison with standard excision (SE).

Methods: A bidirectional, descriptive study, including 94 cases of SCC, was performed, on patients with histologic diagnosis of SCC (in situ, well differentiated, moderately differentiated, and undifferentiated), that where operated with MMS between 2013 and 2018 at Hospital de Clínicas Dr.

The cellular magnetic response and biocompatibility of biogenic zinc- and cobalt-doped magnetite nanoparticles.

The magnetic moment and anisotropy of magnetite nanoparticles can be optimised by doping with transition metal cations, enabling their properties to be tuned for different biomedical applications. In this study, we assessed the suitability of bacterially synthesized zinc- and cobalt-doped magnetite nanoparticles for biomedical applications. To do this we measured cellular viability and activity in primary human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and human osteosarcoma-derived cells.

Spectral reflectance data of a high temperature stable solar selective coating based on MoSi2 -Si3N4.

Data of optical performance, thermal stability and ageing are given for solar selective coatings (SSC) based on a novel MoSi2-Si3N4 absorbing composite. SSC have been prepared as multilayer stacks formed by silver as metallic infrared reflector, a double layer composite and an antireflective layer (doi: 10.1016/j.

Physical activity from menarche to first pregnancy and risk of breast cancer.

Breast tissue is particularly susceptible to exposures between menarche and first pregnancy, and a longer interval between these reproductive events is associated with elevated breast cancer risk. Physical activity during this time period may offset breast cancer risk, particularly for those at highest risk with longer menarche-to-first-pregnancy intervals. We used data from 65,576 parous women in the Nurses' Health Study II free of cancer in 1989 (baseline) and recalled their leisure-time physical activity at ages 12-34 in 1997.

Comparison of Self-Reported Sleep Duration With Actigraphy: Results From the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Sueño Ancillary Study.

Most studies of sleep and health outcomes rely on self-reported sleep duration, although correlation with objective measures is poor. In this study, we defined sociodemographic and sleep characteristics associated with misreporting and assessed whether accounting for these factors better explains variation in objective sleep duration among 2,086 participants in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos who completed more than 5 nights of wrist actigraphy and reported habitual bed/wake times from 2010 to 2013. Using linear regression, we examined self-report as a predictor of actigraphy-assessed sleep duration.

Multiple Healthful Dietary Patterns and Type 2 Diabetes in the Women's Health Initiative.

The relationship between various diet quality indices and risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains unsettled. We compared associations of 4 diet quality indices--the Alternate Mediterranean Diet Index, Healthy Eating Index 2010, Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010, and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Index--with reported T2D in the Women's Health Initiative, overall, by race/ethnicity, and with/without adjustment for overweight/obesity at enrollment (a potential mediator). This cohort (n = 101,504) included postmenopausal women without T2D who completed a baseline food frequency questionnaire from which the 4 diet quality index scores were derived.

Association between sleeping difficulty and type 2 diabetes in women.

Aims/hypothesis: Sleeping difficulty has been associated with type 2 diabetes in some prior studies. Whether the observed associations are independent of health behaviours, other cardiovascular risk factors or other sleep disorders is unclear.

Methods: We analysed data from 133,353 women without diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer at baseline in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS, 2000-2010) and the NHSII (2001-2011).

Chronic insufficient sleep and diet quality: Contributors to childhood obesity.

Objective: To examine associations of chronic insufficient sleep with diet and whether diet explains the sleep-adiposity relationship.

Methods: In Project Viva, 1,046 parents reported children's sleep duration at 6 m and annually until midchildhood (7 y). The main exposure was a sleep curtailment score (6 m-7 y) ranging from 0 (maximal curtailment) to 13 (adequate sleep).

Long-term changes in sleep duration, energy balance and risk of type 2 diabetes.

Aims/hypothesis: Baseline sleep duration has a U-shaped relationship with type 2 diabetes, but little research examines the associated changes. We examined long-term changes in sleep duration and concomitant changes in diet, physical activity, weight and subsequent diabetes.

Methods: The cohort includes 59,031 women aged 55-83 years in the Nurses' Health Study without diabetes in 2000.

Dietary prevention of obesity and cardiometabolic disease.

A new study suggests that an energy-dense dietary pattern that is high in saturated fat and low in fibre is associated with cardiovascular risk factors, but not incident cardiovascular disease, among people with severe obesity, which highlights the urgent need for obesity prevention. Analysis of dietary patterns can bolster the evidence base for prevention-oriented dietary recommendations.

Joint associations of insomnia and sleep duration with prevalent diabetes: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).

Background: Inadequate sleep quantity and quality are associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes. This relationship is not well-examined in U.S.

In situ measurement of magnetization relaxation of internalized nanoparticles in live cells.

Magnetization relaxation mechanisms strongly influence how magnetic nanoparticles respond to high-frequency fields in applications such as magnetic hyperthermia. The dominant mechanism depends on the mobility of the particles, which will be affected in turn by their microenvironment. In this study AC susceptometry was used to follow the in situ magnetic response of model systems of blocked and superparamagnetic nanoparticles, following their cellular internalization and subsequent release by freeze-thaw lysis.

Longitudinal associations of sleep curtailment with metabolic risk in mid-childhood.

Objective: To examine associations of chronic insufficient sleep with mid-childhood cardiometabolic health.

Methods: At 6 months and yearly from 1 to 7 years, mothers participating in the Project Viva cohort reported children's 24-h sleep duration. The main exposure was a sleep curtailment score, ranging from 0 (maximal curtailment) to 13 (never having curtailed sleep).

Bacterially synthesized ferrite nanoparticles for magnetic hyperthermia applications.

Magnetic hyperthermia uses AC stimulation of magnetic nanoparticles to generate heat for cancer cell destruction. Whilst nanoparticles produced inside magnetotactic bacteria have shown amongst the highest reported heating to date, these particles are magnetically blocked so that strong heating occurs only for mobile particles, unless magnetic field parameters are far outside clinical limits. Here, nanoparticles extracellularly produced by the bacteria Geobacter sulfurreducens are investigated that contain Co or Zn dopants to tune the magnetic anisotropy, saturation magnetization and nanoparticle sizes, enabling heating within clinical field constraints.

Adipose tissue n-3 fatty acids and metabolic syndrome.

Background: Evidence regarding the relationship of n-3 fatty acids (FA) to type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome components (MetS) is inconsistent.

Objective: To examine associations of adipose tissue n-3 FA with MetS.

Design: We studied 1611 participants without prior history of diabetes or heart disease who were participants in a population-based case-control study of diet and heart disease (The Costa Rica Heart Study).