Preoperative prediction of post hepatectomy liver failure after surgery for hepatocellular carcinoma on CT-scan by machine learning and radiomics analyses.

Introduction: No instruments are available to predict preoperatively the risk of posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) in HCC patients. The aim was to predict the occurrence of PHLF preoperatively by radiomics and clinical data through machine-learning algorithms.

Materials And Methods: Clinical data and 3-phases CT scans were retrospectively collected among 13 Italian centres between 2008 and 2022.

Non-invasive imaging biomarkers in chronic liver disease.

Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a global and worldwide clinical challenge, considering that different underlying liver entities can lead to hepatic dysfunction. In the past, blood tests and clinical evaluation were the main noninvasive tools used to detect, diagnose and follow-up patients with CLD; in case of clinical suspicion of CLD or unclear diagnosis, liver biopsy has been considered as the reference standard to rule out different chronic liver conditions. Nowadays, noninvasive tests have gained a central role in the clinical pathway.

Improvements and future perspective in diagnostic tools for neuroendocrine neoplasms.

Introduction: Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) represent a complex group of tumors arising from neuroendocrine cells, characterized by heterogeneous behavior and challenging diagnostics. Despite advancements in medical technology, NENs present a major challenge in early detection, often leading to delayed diagnosis and variable outcomes. This review aims to provide an in-depth analysis of current diagnostic methods as well as the evolving and future directions of diagnostic strategies for NENs.

Preoperative detection of hepatocellular carcinoma's microvascular invasion on CT-scan by machine learning and radiomics: A preliminary analysis.

Introduction: Microvascular invasion (MVI) is the main risk factor for overall mortality and recurrence after surgery for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).The aim was to train machine-learning models to predict MVI on preoperative CT scan.

Methods: 3-phases CT scans were retrospectively collected among 4 Italian centers.

Feasibility of Low-Dose and Low-Contrast Media Volume Approach in Computed Tomography Cardiovascular Imaging Reconstructed with Model-Based Algorithm.

: To evaluate the dose reduction and image quality of low-dose, low-contrast media volume in computed tomography (CT) examinations reconstructed with the model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) algorithm in comparison with the hybrid iterative (HIR) one. We prospectively enrolled a total of 401 patients referred for cardiovascular CT, evaluated with a 256-MDCT scan with a low kVp (80 kVp) reconstructed with an MBIR (study group) or a standard HIR protocol (100 kVp-control group) after injection of a fixed dose of contrast medium volume. Vessel contrast enhancement and image noise were measured by placing the region of interest (ROI) in the left ventricle, ascending aorta; left, right and circumflex coronary arteries; main, right and left pulmonary arteries; aortic arch; and abdominal aorta.

Radiomics and liver: Where we are and where we are headed?

Hepatic diffuse conditions and focal liver lesions represent two of the most common scenarios to face in everyday radiological clinical practice. Thanks to the advances in technology, radiology has gained a central role in the management of patients with liver disease, especially due to its high sensitivity and specificity. Since the introduction of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), radiology has been considered the non-invasive reference modality to assess and characterize liver pathologies.

Artificial Intelligence Applied to Chest X-ray: A Reliable Tool to Assess the Differential Diagnosis of Lung Pneumonia in the Emergency Department.

Background: Considering the large number of patients with pulmonary symptoms admitted to the emergency department daily, it is essential to diagnose them correctly. It is necessary to quickly solve the differential diagnosis between COVID-19 and typical bacterial pneumonia to address them with the best management possible. In this setting, an artificial intelligence (AI) system can help radiologists detect pneumonia more quickly.

Gynaecological Causes of Acute Pelvic Pain: Common and Not-So-Common Imaging Findings.

In female patients, acute pelvic pain can be caused by gynaecological, gastrointestinal, and urinary tract pathologies. Due to the variety of diagnostic possibilities, the correct assessment of these patients may be challenging. The most frequent gynaecological causes of acute pelvic pain in non-pregnant women are pelvic inflammatory disease, ruptured ovarian cysts, ovarian torsion, and degeneration or torsion of uterine leiomyomas.

Role of Imaging in the Management of Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Lung Involvement Admitted to the Emergency Department: A Systematic Review.

During the waves of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, emergency departments were overflowing with patients suffering with suspected medical or surgical issues. In these settings, healthcare staff should be able to deal with different medical and surgical scenarios while protecting themselves against the risk of contamination. Various strategies were used to overcome the most critical issues and guarantee quick and efficient diagnostic and therapeutic charts.

Radiomics in colorectal cancer patients.

The main therapeutic options for colorectal cancer are surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy in non-metastatic disease. However, the evaluation of the overall adjuvant chemotherapy benefit in patients with a high risk of recurrence is challenging. Radiological images can represent a source of data that can be analyzed by using automated computer-based techniques, working on numerical information coded within Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine files: This image numerical analysis has been named "radiomics".

Principles and Applications of Dual-Layer Spectral CT in Gastrointestinal Imaging.

The advance in technology allows for the development of different CT scanners in the field of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT). In particular, a recently developed detector-based technology can collect data from different energy levels, thanks to its layers. The use of this system is suited for material decomposition with perfect spatial and temporal registration.

Association of chronic statin use, myopenia, myosteatosis and major morbidity in surgical patients with upper gastrointestinal cancer.

Derangements of body composition affect surgical outcomes. Chronic statin use may induce muscle wasting and impair muscle tissue quality. Aim of this study was to evaluate the association of chronic statin use, skeletal muscle area (SMA), myosteatosis and major postoperative morbidity.

Completeness of reporting in abstracts of randomized controlled trials assessing interventional radiology for liver disease.

Purpose: To assess the completeness of reporting in abstracts of published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing interventional radiology (IR) for liver disease; to assess whether publication of the 2017 CONSORT update for nonpharmacological treatments (NPT) resulted in changes in abstract reporting; and to identify factors associated with better reporting.

Material And Methods: MEDLINE and Embase were searched to identify RCTs of IR for liver disease (January 2015-September 2020). Two reviewers assessed the completeness of abstract reporting according to the CONSORT-NPT-2017-update.

Imaging in Gastric Cancer: Current Practice and Future Perspectives.

Gastric cancer represents one of the most common oncological causes of death worldwide. In order to treat patients in the best possible way, the staging of gastric cancer should be accurate. In this regard, endoscopy ultrasound (EUS) has been considered the reference standard for tumor (T) and nodal (N) statuses in recent decades.

Liver involvement in patients with COVID-19 infection: A comprehensive overview of diagnostic imaging features.

During the first wave of the pandemic, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection has been considered mainly as a pulmonary infection. However, different clinical and radiological manifestations were observed over time, including involvement of abdominal organs. Nowadays, the liver is considered one of the main affected abdominal organs.

The usefulness of preoperative CT in colon cancer staging: impact of radiologists' experience.

Purpose: To assess the agreement between radiologists in the detection of specific features related to T- and N-stage and evaluate accuracy in colon cancer staging.

Methods: Patients who underwent contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) before surgery were enrolled and evaluated by three radiologists with different experience. Pathological data were used as the reference standard.