Body weight variability as a predictor of cardiovascular outcomes in type 1 diabetes: A nationwide cohort study.

Aim: Intraindividual body weight variability (BWV), that is, the degree of weight fluctuations over time, is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in multiple settings. The impact of BWV on cardiovascular risk in type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains unclear, despite the issues relative to weight management in individuals with this condition.

Materials And Methods: Using data from the Swedish National Diabetes Register, we identified individuals with T1D and without CVD at baseline with at least three measurements of body weight taken over three consecutive years.

Inflammatory Trajectory of Type 2 Diabetes: Novel Opportunities for Early and Late Treatment.

Low-grade inflammation (LGI) represents a key driver of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its associated cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Indeed, inflammatory markers such as hs-CRP and IL-6 predict the development of T2D and its complications, suggesting that LGI already increases before T2D diagnosis and remains elevated even after treatment. Overnutrition, unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, obesity, and aging are all recognized triggers of LGI, promoting insulin resistance and sustaining the pathogenesis of T2D.

Real world effectiveness of subcutaneous semaglutide in type 2 diabetes: A retrospective, cohort study (Sema-MiDiab01).

Introduction: Aim of the present study was to evaluate the real-world impact of once-weekly (OW) subcutaneous semaglutide on different end-points indicative of metabolic control, cardiovascular risk factors, and beta-cell function in type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: This was a retrospective, observational study conducted in 5 diabetes clinics in Italy. Changes in HbA1c, fasting blood glucose (FBG), body weight, blood pressure, lipid profile, renal function, and beta-cell function (HOMA-B) during 12 months were evaluated.

Anti-inflammatory effect of SGLT-2 inhibitors via uric acid and insulin.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors (i) reduce cardiovascular and renal events in patients with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the underlying mechanisms are debated. Low-grade inflammation (LGI) is a key driver of vascular complications, suggested to be attenuated by SGLT-2i in animal models.

Obesity Is Strongly Associated With Low Testosterone and Reduced Penis Growth During Development.

Context: Growth of male genitalia represents an important marker of sexual development. Testicle size is the primary measure and little is known regards penile length changes during puberty.

Objective: This work aims to assess penis growth and testosterone levels in obese vs normal-weight children and adolescents, to evaluate a possible influence of obesity on genital development in boys, and to establish a new method for measuring penis length that allows comparison of normal-weight and overweight boys.

Telemedicine and urban diabetes during COVID-19 pandemic in Milano, Italy during lock-down: epidemiological and sociodemographic picture.

Background: Since 2010, more than half of World population lives in Urban Environments. Urban Diabetes has arisen as a novel nosological entity in Medicine. Urbanization leads to the accrual of a number of factors increasing the vulnerability to diabetes mellitus and related diseases.

Liraglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in a real world type 2 diabetes cohort.

In the last years, due to new regulatory guidelines requiring a stringent documentation of cardiovascular (CV) safety of novel drugs for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular outcomes safety trials (CVOTs) are requested. CVOTs increase the knowledge about the safety profile of the new drugs, but they have intrinsic limits that make difficult their transferability to clinical practice. For this reason, real world evidence is considered an important complement to experimental data.