Validation of urine p-cresol glucuronide as renal cell carcinoma non-invasive biomarker.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) stands among the most lethal urological malignancies. Most RCCs are incidentally diagnosed as initial symptoms are unspecific. Novel, minimally-invasive diagnostic and prognostic methods for RCC are needed, ideally in urine.

Bladder cancer patients have increased NETosis and impaired DNaseI-mediated NET degradation that can be therapeutically restored .

Background: Neutrophils, key players of the immune system, also promote tumor development through the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in a process called NETosis. NETs are extracellular networks of DNA, histones and cytoplasmic and granular proteins (calprotectin, myeloperoxidase, elastase, etc.) released by neutrophils upon activation.

LC-MS metabolomics of urine reveals distinct profiles for non-muscle-invasive and muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Purpose: Bladder cancer (BC) is among the most frequent malignancies worldwide. Novel non-invasive markers are needed to diagnose and stage BC with more accuracy than invasive procedures like cystoscopy. To date, no study has identified urine metabolites characteristic of all BC stages.

Effect of different schemes of androgen deprivation therapy on bone mass density in prostate cancer patients.

Objectives: To evaluate the aspects of the basal bone health status in prostate cancer patients. Furthermore, to evaluate in a real-world setting the effect of different schemes (intermittent or continuous) of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and the effect of denosumab in bone mass density (BMD).

Methods: Observational, retrospective study of a cohort of prostate cancer patients in treatment with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) agonists, evaluated in the rheumatology department of a tertiary center.

The sentinel node with technetium-99m for prostate cancer. A safe and mature new gold standard?

Background: The objective was to carry out a prospective study to compare the current extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND) to the sentinel node (SN) technique with Tcnanocolloid.

Methods: We conducted a prospective study between January 2013 and May 2020. In the first 74 patients, Tc-nanocolloid was used.

Sildenafil Citrate Enhances Renal Organogenesis Following Metanephroi Allotransplantation into Non-Immunosuppressed Hosts.

In order to harness the potential of metanephroi allotransplantation to the generation of a functional kidney graft on demand, we must achieve further growth post-transplantation. Sildenafil citrate (SC) is widely known as a useful inductor of angiogenesis, offering renoprotective properties due to its anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, and antiapoptotic effects. Here, we performed a laparoscopic metanephroi allotransplantation after embedding sildenafil citrate into the retroperitoneal fat of non-immunosuppressed adult rabbit hosts.

Nuclear-medicine probes: Where we are and where we are going.

Nuclear medicine probes turned into the key for the identification and precise location of sentinel lymph nodes and other occult lesions (i.e., tumors) by using the systemic administration of radiotracers.

Identification of miR-20a-5p as Robust Normalizer for Urine microRNA Studies in Renal Cell Carcinoma and a Profile of Dysregulated microRNAs.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the third most frequent urinary malignancy and one of the most lethal. Current diagnostic and follow-up techniques are harmful and unspecific in low-grade tumors. Novel minimally invasive markers such as urine microRNAs (miRNAs) are under study.

Circulating Cell-Free DNA in Liquid Biopsies as Potential Biomarker for Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review.

Bladder cancer (BC) is among the most frequent cancer types in the world and is the most lethal urological malignancy. Presently, diagnostic and follow-up methods for BC are expensive and invasive. Thus, the identification of novel predictive biomarkers for diagnosis, progression, and prognosis of BC is of paramount importance.

Identification of miR-29c-3p as a Robust Normalizer for Urine microRNA Studies in Bladder Cancer.

Bladder cancer (BC) is among the most frequent malignancies worldwide, being the most expensive cancer to treat and monitor and the most lethal urological cancer. Urine microRNAs (miRNAs) have been proposed as novel non-invasive biomarkers to early diagnose and monitor BC patients in order to avoid the performance of current aggressive diagnostic techniques. However, huge discrepancies arise among studies mainly due to the lack of standardization in the normalization, a crucial step in all miRNA studies.

Pilot performance of a dedicated prostate PET suitable for diagnosis and biopsy guidance.

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) represents one of the most common types of cancers facing the male population. Nowadays, to confirm PCa, systematic or multiparametric MRI-targeted transrectal or transperineal biopsies of the prostate are required. However, due to the lack of an accurate imaging technique capable to precisely locate cancerous cells in the prostate, ultrasound biopsies sample random parts of the prostate and, therefore, it is possible to miss regions where those cancerous cells are present.

Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells accelerate decellularized neobladder regeneration.

Decellularized natural bladder matrices (neobladders) represent an exciting means to regenerate the bladder following bladder cancer-associated cystectomy. In this study, we compare the evolution of decellularized matrices with recellularized matrices by seeding it with human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSC) after implantation following partial cystectomy in rats. We discovered significant anatomical differences since 10 days after neobladder implantation with the ADSC-containing matrices promoting a significant recovery of mature p63- and cytokeratin 7-positive urothelium.

Urinary microRNAs: Looking for a New Tool in Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Monitoring of Renal Cancer.

Purpose Of Review: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the third most common urologic malignancy. First symptoms are usually unspecific and belated causing the stages to be high when diagnosed. As compensation, incidental detection of RCC by abdominal imaging techniques for other medical purposes is a reality that favours a decrease in the stage of new diagnosed tumours.

Urine metabolomic analysis in clear cell and papillary renal cell carcinoma: A pilot study.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most lethal type of tumors and is twice more frequent in men than in women. Initial symptoms are unspecific and belated thus increasing mortality. Moreover, current diagnostic and monitoring tools are harmful for the patient and unspecific in low-grade tumors.

A predictive model for prostate cancer incorporating PSA molecular forms and age.

The diagnostic specificity of prostate specific antigen (PSA) is limited. We aimed to characterize eight anti-PSA monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to assess the prostate cancer (PCa) diagnostic utility of different PSA molecular forms, total (t) and free (f) PSA and PSA complexed to α-antichymotrypsin (complexed PSA). MAbs were obtained by immunization with PSA and characterized by competition studies, ELISAs and immunoblotting.

[Sentinel lymph node selective biopsy in prostate cancer.].

Objective: To validate the sentinel lymph node selective biopsy (SLNSB) in the staging of Prostate Cancer with Briganti Index > 5 by comparison with extended lymphadenectomy (ePLND) in a prospective longitudinal study.

Methods: SLNSB has been performed in 84 patients, the first 70 by injection of nanocoloids marked with Tc99m and preoperative SPECT-CT, and in the last 14 with mixed radiotracer (99mTc + ICG). After laparoscop ic removal of sentinel nodes all patients underwent an ePLND.

Protein Corona over Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles: Influence of the Pore Diameter on Competitive Adsorption and Application to Prostate Cancer Diagnostics.

Diagnostic tests based on proteomics analysis can have significant advantages over more traditional biochemical tests. However, low molecular weight (MW) protein biomarkers are difficult to identify by standard mass spectrometric analysis, as they are usually present at low concentrations and are masked by more abundant resident proteins. We have previously shown that mesoporous silica nanoparticles are able to capture a predominantly low MW protein fraction from the serum, as compared to the protein corona (PC) adsorbed onto dense silica nanoparticles.

Association of an organ transplant-based approach with a dramatic reduction in postoperative complications following radical nephrectomy and tumor thrombectomy in renal cell carcinoma.

Objectives: Our aim was to determine whether using an organ transplant-based(TB) approach reduces postoperative complications(PCs) following radical nephrectomy(RN) and tumor thrombectomy(TT) in renal cell carcinoma(RCC) patients with level II-IV thrombi.

Methods: A total of 390(292 non-TB/98 TB) IRCC-VT Consortium patients who received no preoperative embolization/IVC filter were included. Stepwise linear/logistic regression analyses were performed to determine significant multivariable predictors of intraoperative estimated blood loss(IEBL), number blood transfusions received, and overall/major PC development within 30days following surgery.

Surgical Treatment of Completely Endophytic Renal Tumor: a Systematic Review.

Purpose Of Review: An endophytic renal tumor represents a special surgical challenge in terms of location and safe removal. For this reason we wanted to review the existing literature on this subject.

Recent Findings: In high-activity robotic centers, robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) is a safe and efficacious surgical approach for completely endophytic renal tumors.

Bioengineering Approaches for Bladder Regeneration.

Current clinical strategies for bladder reconstruction or substitution are associated to serious problems. Therefore, new alternative approaches are becoming more and more necessary. The purpose of this work is to review the state of the art of the current bioengineering advances and obstacles reported in bladder regeneration.

Impact of lymph node dissection at the time of radical nephrectomy with tumor thrombectomy on oncological outcomes: Results from the International Renal Cell Carcinoma-Venous Thrombus Consortium (IRCC-VTC).

Objectives: To study the effect of lymph node dissection (LND) at the time of nephrectomy and tumor thrombectomy on oncological outcomes in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and tumor thrombus.

Patients And Methods: The records of 1,978 patients with RCC and tumor thrombus who underwent radical nephrectomy and tumor thrombectomy from 1985 to 2014 at 24 centers were analyzed. None of the patients had distant metastases.

Application of the Radio-Guided Occult Lesion Localization Technique for Renal Lumpectomy: From the Laboratory to the Patient.

Incidence of small renal masses is increasing, and preservation of healthy kidney tissue along surgical removal is a challenge, especially if the tumor is small or nonexophytic. To facilitate the location and complete excision of the tumor during surgery, we have implemented the application of the radio-guided occult lesion localization technique from initial idea to clinical application.

Current Bioengineering and Regenerative Strategies for the Generation of Kidney Grafts on Demand.

Currently in the USA, one name is added to the organ transplant waiting list every 15 min. As this list grows rapidly, fewer than one-third of waiting patients can receive matched organs from donors. Unfortunately, many patients who require a transplant have to wait for long periods of time, and many of them die before receiving the desired organ.

Renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena cava involvement: Prognostic effect of tumor thrombus consistency on cancer specific survival.

Background: Renal cell carcinoma forming a venous tumor thrombus (VTT) in the inferior vena cava (IVC) has a poor prognosis. Recent investigations have been focused on prognostic markers of survival. Thrombus consistency (TC) has been proposed to be of significant value but yet there are conflicting data.

Vitrification of kidney precursors as a new source for organ transplantation.

Kidney transplantation from deceased or living human donors has been limited by donor availability as opposed to the increasing demand, and by the risk of allograft loss rejection and immunosuppressive therapy toxicity. In recent years, xenotransplantation of developed kidney precursor cells has offered a novel solution for the unlimited supply of human donor organs. Specifically, transplantation of kidney precursors in adult hosts showed that intact embryonic kidneys underwent maturation, exhibiting functional properties, and averted humoural rejection post-transplantation from non-immunosuppressed hosts.