Immune and oxidative stress biomarkers in pediatric psychosis and psychosis-risk: Meta-analyses and systematic review.

Objective: While genetic and cohort studies suggest immune and reduction/oxidation (redox) alterations occur in psychosis, less is known about potential alterations in children and adolescents.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review to identify immune and redox biomarker studies in children and adolescents (mean age ≤ 18 years old) across the psychosis spectrum: from psychotic like experiences, which are common in children, to threshold psychotic disorders like schizophrenia. We conducted meta-analyses when at least three studies measured the same biomarker.

Cardiogenic shock related cardiovascular disease mortality trends in US population: Heart failure vs. acute myocardial infarction as contributing causes.

Background: Observational and trial data have revealed significant improvement in cardiogenic shock (CS) mortality due to acute myocardial infarction (AMI) after introducing early coronary revascularization. Less is known about CS mortality due to heart failure (HF), which is increasingly recognized as a distinct entity from AMI-CS.

Methods And Results: In this nationwide observational study, the CDC WONDER database was used to identify national trends in age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) due to CS (HF vs.

The landscape of cardiogenic shock: epidemiology and current definitions.

Purpose Of Review: Despite novel technologies for treating shock patients, cardiogenic shock mortality remains high. Trends of cardiogenic shock associated with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have previously been described, though little is known about cardiogenic shock resulting from other causes, which has progressively been documented as a distinct entity from AMI-cardiogenic shock. Herein, we review the evolving epidemiology, novel classification schema, and future perspectives of cardiogenic shock.