[Generation of a predictive test for the diagnosis of the etiology of variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding].

Our objective was to develop a diagnostic test to predict the etiology of Variceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding (VUGIB). We conducted a retrospective cohort study. Medical records of patients over 18 years of age with Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding (UGIB) who attended the emergency service of Hospital Cayetano Heredia (HCH) in Lima-Peru between 2019 and 2022 were reviewed; demographic, laboratory and clinical data were collected.

[Antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori in the Peruvian population: a systematic review and meta-analysis of its prevalence in the general population].

Helicobacter pylori infection is quite common worldwide and is associated with gastric adenocarcinoma. The high rates of resistance found in Latin American countries justify the investigation of local resistance rates, which could improve the therapeutic approach and eradication rates. The objective is to evaluate the prevalence of resistance in Peru of Helicobacter pylori to commonly used antibiotics.

Factors related to mortality in patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease on dialysis with COVID-19: An exploratory case series analysis.

Introduction: Different studies describe the clinical profile and factors that could explain the evolution and outcome of patients with chronic kidney disease and COVID-19. This study aims to evaluate the factors related to the mortality of patients with stage-5 chronic kidney disease on chronic dialysis hospitalized for COVID-19 at the Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza from April to December 2020.

Methods: Retrospective case series and exploratory analysis were performed.

Early physiological and morphological changes in the remnant kidney of living donors.

In order to describe the early functional and morphological changes in the remnant kidney of living donors, a retrospective study was carried out at the Cayetano Heredia Hospital. Data from 55 individuals was included. Clinical and demographic data were obtained from the clinical records, as well as data for creatinine clearance, proteinuria, blood pressure and renal dimensions at 1, 2, 3, 6 and 12 months after kidney donation.

The health and economic burden of smoking in 12 Latin American countries and the potential effect of increasing tobacco taxes: an economic modelling study.

Background: Worldwide, smoking tobacco causes 7 million deaths annually, and this toll is expected to increase, especially in low-income and middle-income countries. In Latin America, smoking is a leading risk factor for death and disability, contributes to poverty, and imposes an economic burden on health systems. Despite being one of the most effective measures to reduce smoking, tobacco taxation is underused and cigarettes are more affordable in Latin America than in other regions.

Medical compliance to evidence-based clinical guidelines on secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in a hospital from Lima, Peru: a retrospective study.

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. When an acute myocardial infarction occurs, it is necessary to establish secondary prevention measures, which can reduce mortality by 50%. Clinical guidelines state that the optimal medical treatment is based upon four groups of drugs: antiplatelet drugs, statins, beta-blockers and angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor antagonist.

Ranolazine for stable angina pectoris.

Background: Stable angina pectoris is a chronic medical condition with significant impact on mortality and quality of life; it can be macrovascular or microvascular in origin. Ranolazine is a second-line anti-anginal drug approved for use in people with stable angina. However, the effects of ranolazine for people with angina are considered to be modest, with uncertain clinical relevance.

[Financial impact of smoking on health systems in Latin America: A study of seven countries and extrapolation to the regional level].

Objective: Estimate smoking-attributable direct medical costs in Latin American health systems.

Methods: A microsimulation model was used to quantify financial impact of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, lung cancer, and nine other neoplasms. A systematic search for epidemiological data and event costs was carried out.

Isolation as a strategy for controlling the transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in haemodialysis units.

Background: The hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection affects about 2% of the world's population and can cause chronic liver infection and persistent long-term sequelae such as cirrhosis and liver cancer.The prevalence of HCV infection among people on haemodialysis is often higher than the general population. The virus is easily transmitted parenterally, and blood transfusions have previously played a significant role in transmission; however, erythropoietin therapy has reduced the need for transfusions, and coupled with improved screening of donated blood, has significantly decreased transmission by transfusion.

Beta-cell function and insulin resistance among Peruvian adolescents with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: To characterize and compare the beta-cell function and insulin resistance among Peruvian adolescents with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and their non-diabetic, overweight and lean peers.

Methods: Cross-sectional study of 54 adolescents aged 10-19 years, distributed in three sex- and age-matched groups (n = 18): (i) adolescents with T2D; (ii) overweight adolescents without T2D; and (iii) lean adolescents without T2D, at the Diabetes, Obesity and Nutrition Research Center in Lima, Peru. Fasting glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and glycated hemoglobin were measured for all participants.

Warfarin initiation nomograms for venous thromboembolism.

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common condition in hospital patients. Considerable controversy is ongoing regarding optimal initial warfarin dosing for patients with acute deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Achieving a therapeutic international normalized ratio (INR) with warfarin as soon as possible is important because this minimizes the duration of parenteral medication necessary to attain immediate anticoagulation, and it potentially decreases the cost and inconvenience of treatment.

[Burden of smoking-related disease and potential impact of cigarette price increase in Peru].

Objectives: . To calculate the burden of smoking-related disease and evaluate the potential economic and health impact of tax-induced cigarette price increase in Peru.

Materials And Methods.

Early versus delayed erythropoietin for the anaemia of end-stage kidney disease.

Background: Anaemia is a common complication in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and mainly develops as a consequence of relative erythropoietin (EPO) deficiency. Anaemia develops early in the course of disease and peaks among people with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Many types of EPO - also called erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) - are used to treat anaemia in people with ESKD.

[Clinical and biochemical characteristics in patients with histology compatible with steatothepatitis in National Hospital Arzobispo Loayza, Lima, Peru, from 2010 to 2012].

Objectives: Describe the clinical and biochemical characteristics of patients with histopathological findings compatible with steatohepatitis of HNAL patients between 2010-2012. Determine the frequency of alcoholic and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, presence of metabolic syndrome and other factors associated to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, its main indications for liver biopsy and biochemical characteristics according to the severity of the histological findings.

Materials And Methods: We evaluated all histological slides of liver biopsies of the period between 2010-2012, of which, those with the diagnosis of steatohepatitis were selected.

[Cultural adaptation and psychometric validation of the health-related quality of life questionnaire EORTC QLQ STO-22 for patients with gastric cancer in Peru].

Objective: To validate the health-related quality of life questionnaire EORTC QLQ STO-22 for patients with gastric cancer in Peru, evaluating cultural and psychometric characteristics.

Materials And Methods: The first phase consisted in measure the content and appearance validity. In the second phase, the questionnaire was applied to patients diagnosed with gastric cancer and the internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent validity, discriminant validity and criterion validity was determined.

[Prevalence of overweight and obesity in adolescents from an urban district of Lima, Peru 2012].

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity according to the criteria of the WHO and CDC in adolescents from an urban district of Lima, Peru 2012.

Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1,743 school children of 12 to 17 years of age selected from ten public and private educational institutions, using a randomized and stratified sample of "conglomerados" (neighborhoods). In the selected schools, weight and height were measured.

Warfarin initiation nomograms for venous thromboembolism.

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common condition in hospital patients. Considerable controversy is ongoing regarding optimal initial warfarin dosing for patients with acute deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Achieving a therapeutic international normalized ratio (INR) with warfarin as soon as possible is important because this minimizes the duration of parenteral medication necessary to attain immediate anticoagulation, and it potentially decreases the cost and inconvenience of treatment.