Trend and disparities for smoking during pregnancy in the extreme south of Brazil between 2007 and 2019.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence and to evaluate trends and disparities in the occurrence of smoking among pregnant women living in the municipality of Rio Grande (RS), in the extreme south of Brazil, between 2007 and 2019.

Methods: All pregnant women living in this municipality who had a child in one of the local hospitals between January 1st and December 31st in the years 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016, and 2019 were included in the study. The interviews took place within 48 hours after childbirth.

Search for CP-Violating Neutrino Nonstandard Interactions with the NOvA Experiment.

This Letter reports a search for charge-parity (CP) symmetry violating nonstandard interactions (NSI) of neutrinos with matter using the NOvA Experiment, and examines their effects on the determination of the standard oscillation parameters. Data from ν_{μ}(ν[over ¯]_{μ})→ν_{μ}(ν[over ¯]_{μ}) and ν_{μ}(ν[over ¯]_{μ})→ν_{e}(ν[over ¯]_{e}) oscillation channels are used to measure the effect of the NSI parameters ϵ_{eμ} and ϵ_{eτ}. With 90% CL the magnitudes of the NSI couplings are constrained to be |ϵ_{eμ}|≲0.

Gender Division of Housework and Intimate Partner Violence Among Mothers of Toddlers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings from the 2019 Rio Grande (Brazil) Birth Cohort.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, we evaluated the association between gender division of housework and intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization in a population-based cohort of mothers. We collected data on psychological, physical, and sexual IPV using an adapted version of the World Health Organization Violence Against Women instrument and division of housework using a validated questionnaire. We used logistic regression to calculate adjusted odds ratios.

Unplanned pregnancy in the extreme South of Brazil: prevalence, trends, and associated factors.

The study aims to estimate the proportion of puerperae with an unplanned pregnancy, evaluate trends and identify factors associated with its occurrence in Rio Grande-RS, Brazil. Trained interviewers applied a single, standardized questionnaire to all puerperae residing in the municipality in 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016 and 2019. The chi-square test compared proportions and the Poisson regression with robust variance adjustment in the multivariate analysis.

Knowledge about sudden infant death syndrome prevention among postpartum women in Southern Brazil, 2019: a cross-sectional survey.

Objective: To assess knowledge on sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) prevention among postpartum women who received prenatal care in public and private services in Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in 2019.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with postpartum women who gave birth in that municipality in 2019; the outcome was the indication of incorrect sleeping position (side/supine position) to prevent SIDS; the chi-square test was used to compare proportions between those who underwent prenatal care in public and private services.

Results: Among all 2,195 postpartum women, 67.

The association between maternal fears about their infant/ toddler during the COVID-19 pandemic and depression and anxiety: a birth cohort study.

Objective: To assess the association between maternal fears about their infant/toddler and depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: In 2019, all mothers who gave birth in hospitals in Rio Grande, RS, Brazil were asked to respond to a standardized questionnaire (baseline). We followed them between May-June 2020 (first follow-up point), August-December 2020 (second follow-up point), and from October 2021 to March 2022 (third follow-up point), and asked them if they were: (1) afraid that their infant/toddler would become infected with COVID or get sick (yes/no), (2) afraid that they would contaminate their own child with COVID, and/or (3) worried about the pandemic's effects on their child's future.

The first probe of a FLASH proton beam by PET.

The recently observed FLASH effect related to high doses delivered with high rates has the potential to revolutionize radiation cancer therapy if promising results are confirmed and an underlying mechanism understood. Comprehensive measurements are essential to elucidate the phenomenon. We report the first-ever demonstration of measurements of successive in-spill and post-spill emissions of gammas arising from irradiations by a FLASH proton beam.

Pap smears in the extreme South of Brazil: low coverage and exposure of the most vulnerable pregnant women.

Objective: To estimate prevalence, assess trends and identify factors associated with non-performance of Pap smears among postpartum women residing in Rio Grande, Southern Brazil.

Methods: Between 01/01 and 12/31 of 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016 and 2019, previously trained interviewers applied a single standardized questionnaire at the hospital to all postpartum women residing in this municipality. It was investigated from the planning of pregnancy to the immediate postpartum period.

Sleep and its association with depressive and anxiety symptoms during the last weeks of pregnancy: A population-based study.

Objective: To evaluate the association between sleep characteristics and depressive and anxiety symptoms during the immediate postpartum period.

Methods: People who had hospital births during 2019 in the municipality of Rio Grande (southern Brazil) were assessed with a standardized questionnaire concerning sociodemographic (eg, age and self-reported skin color) and health-related variables (eg, parity and stillbirth) (n = 2314) 24-48 hours after birth. We used the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire to assess sleep latency, inertia, duration, and chronotype; the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale for depressive symptoms; and the General Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale to evaluate anxiety symptoms.

The first PET glimpse of a proton FLASH beam.

We demonstrate the first ever recorded positron-emission tomography (PET) imaging and dosimetry of a FLASH proton beam at the Proton Center of the MD Anderson Cancer Center. Two scintillating LYSO crystal arrays, read out by silicon photomultipliers, were configured with a partial field of view of a cylindrical poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) phantom irradiated by a FLASH proton beam. The proton beam had a kinetic energy of 75.

Paleo-biodegradation and hydrocarbon mixing in a major hybrid petroleum reservoir.

Some of the parental material for hydrocarbons produced from low-permeability reservoirs in Western Canada corresponds to thermal products from biodegraded oil. This has been proved by the occurrence of framboidal pyrite, which is often formed during microbial sulfate reduction (MSR). In addition, the identified pyrite framboids are associated with the presence of phosphorus (P).

Age is the most important factor for change in body mass index and waist circumference in older people in southern Brazil.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the changes in body mass index and waist circumference (WC) and their associations with sociodemographic, behavioral, and health characteristics in non-institutionalized older people in southern Brazil over a period of ≤6 y.

Methods: This is a prospective study, with interviews conducted in 2014 and in 2019 to 2020. Of the 1451 individuals from Pelotas, Brazil, aged >60 y and interviewed in 2014, 537 were reevaluated in 2019 to 2020.

Antihypertensive Activity of the Alkaloid Aspidocarpine in Normotensive Wistar Rats.

The alkaloid Aspidocarpine was isolated from the bark of Aspidosperma desmanthum. Its structure was elucidated by the spectral data of 1H and 13C-NMR (1D and 2D) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRESIMS). The antihypertensive activity was investigated by intravenous infusion in Wistar rats.

Recent trends in cesarean section reduction in extreme south of Brazil: a reality only in the public sector?

This study aimed to describe changes in cesarean section (C-section) prevalence from 2007 to 2019, in public and private sectors, according to maternal characteristics. We included all puerperal women who gave birth in Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, at years 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016 and 2019. A questionnaire was applied up to 48 hours after delivery.

Geochemical evidence for the internal migration of gas condensate in a major unconventional tight petroleum system.

Unconventional petroleum systems go through multiple episodes of internal hydrocarbon migration in response to evolving temperature and pressure conditions during burial and uplift. Migrated fluid signatures can be recognized using stable carbon isotope and PVT compositional data from produced samples representative of in-situ petroleum fluids. Such samples, however, are seldom collected due to operational complexity and high cost.

Episiotomy in Southern Brazil: prevalence, trend, and associated factors.

Objective: To identify and analyze the prevalence, trend, and factors associated with episiotomy in Rio Grande, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil.

Methods: A single, standardized questionnaire was applied to all pregnant women, residents in the municipality of Rio Grande, who had children in local hospitals between January 1 and December 12 of the years 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016 e 2019. Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics were investigated, as well as the assistance received during pregnancy and delivery.

[Ferrous sulfate supplementation in pregnant women: a time series study in the far South of Brazil].

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of some maternal characteristics on the use of ferrous sulfate among postpartum women from five perinatal studies in the Municipality of Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. From January 1 to December 31 in the years 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016, and 2019, previously trained interviewers applied a standardized interview within 48 hours after childbirth to all postpartum women, while still in hospital, residing in the municipality and who had given birth in the only two local hospitals. The questionnaire included demographic, socioeconomic, and healthcare data during pregnancy and childbirth.

Trend and Inequality in Episiotomy in Southern Brazil, 2007-2016: Evidence of Reduced Abusive Practice.

Objectives: This study aimed to measure the prevalence, to describe the trend over time, and to evaluate socioeconomic inequalities in the occurrence of episiotomies in 2007, 2010, 2013, and 2016 in the municipality of Rio Grande, in Southern Brazil.

Methods: We included all women who had vaginal delivery in each of the studied years. All the information was obtained through a questionnaire applied at maternity wards within 48 h after delivery.

Evolution of care during pregnancy and childbirth in the extreme south of Brazil.

Objectives: To describe the evolution of care during pregnancy and childbirth among postpartum women living in the municipality of Rio Grande, Southern Brazil, using data from surveys carried out every three years between 2007 and 2019.

Methods: Within 48 hours after delivery, a single, standardized questionnaire was applied to all mothers who had children in local hospitals and met the inclusion criteria. Demographic and reproductive characteristics, lifestyle habits, socioeconomic level of the family, and care received during pregnancy and childbirth were investigated.

Maternal mental health before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in the 2019 Rio Grande birth cohort.

Objective: To describe and compare measures of maternal depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress symptoms before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in a Brazilian birth cohort.

Methods: All hospital births occurring in the municipality of Rio Grande (southern Brazil) during 2019 were identified. Mothers were invited to complete a standardized questionnaire on sociodemographic and health-related characteristics.

Antenatal care in Southern Brazil: Coverage, trends and inequalities.

We described prenatal care quality for four indicators over a 12-years period among puerperae living in Southern Brazil. Five surveys including all women giving birth between 01/01 to 31/12 in 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016, and 2019 were conducted in Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. A single standardized questionnaire was applied within 48 h after delivery in all the city's maternity hospitals.

Kinetics of Muscle Carnosine Decay after β-Alanine Supplementation: A 16-wk Washout Study.

Purpose: This study aimed to describe the kinetics of carnosine washout in human skeletal muscle over 16 wk.

Methods: Carnosine washout kinetics were studied in 15 young, physically active omnivorous men randomly assigned to take 6.4 g·d-1 of β-alanine (n = 11) or placebo (n = 4) for 8 wk.