Real-world effects of antidepressants for depressive disorder in primary care: population-based cohort study.

Background: Antidepressants' effects are established in randomised controlled trials (RCTs), but not in the real world.

Aims: To investigate real-world comparative effects of antidepressants for depression and compare them with RCTs.

Method: We performed a cohort study based on the QResearch database.

Identification of methodological issues regarding direct impact indicators of COVID-19: a rapid scoping review on morbidity, severity and mortality.

Background: During the first epidemic wave, COVID-19 surveillance focused on quantifying the magnitude and the escalation of a growing global health crisis. The scientific community first assessed risk through basic indicators, such as the number of cases or rates of new cases and deaths, and later began using other direct impact indicators to conduct more detailed analyses. We aimed at synthesizing the scientific community's contribution to assessing the direct impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on population health through indicators reported in research papers.

Factors influencing influenza, pneumococcal and shingles vaccine uptake and refusal in older adults: a population-based cross-sectional study in England.

Objectives: Uptake of influenza, pneumococcal and shingles vaccines in older adults vary across regions and socioeconomic backgrounds. In this study, we study the coverage and factors associated with vaccination uptake, as well as refusal in the unvaccinated population and their associations with ethnicity, deprivation, household size and health conditions.

Design, Setting And Participants: This is a cross-sectional study of adults aged 65 years or older in England, using a large primary care database.

Temporality of body mass index, blood tests, comorbidities and medication use as early markers for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC): a nested case-control study.

Objective: Prior studies identified clinical factors associated with increased risk of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, little is known regarding their time-varying nature, which could inform earlier diagnosis. This study assessed temporality of body mass index (BMI), blood-based markers, comorbidities and medication use with PDAC risk .

UK poSt Arthroplasty Follow-up rEcommendations (UK SAFE): what does analysis of linked, routinely collected national data sets tell us about mid-late term revision risk after hip replacement? Retrospective cohort study.

Objective: To identify patients at risk of mid-late term revision of hip replacement to inform targeted follow-up.

Design: Analysis of linked national data sets from primary and secondary care (Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD-GOLD); National Joint Registry (NJR); English Hospital Episode Statistics (HES); Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs)).

Participants: Primary elective total hip replacement (THR) aged≥18.

UK poSt Arthroplasty Follow-up rEcommendations (UK SAFE): what does analysis of linked, routinely collected national datasets tell us about mid-late term revision risk after knee replacement?

Objective: To identify patients at risk of mid-late term revision of knee replacement (KR) to inform targeted follow-up.

Design: Analysis of linked national datasets from primary and secondary care (Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD GOLD), National Joint Registry (NJR), English Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) and Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs)).

Participants: Primary elective KRs aged ≥18 years.

Lifestyle advice for hypertension or diabetes: trend analysis from 2002 to 2017 in England.

Background: Guidelines recommend that GPs give patients lifestyle advice to manage hypertension and diabetes. Increasing evidence shows that this is an effective and practical treatment for these conditions, but it is unclear whether GPs offer this support.

Aim: To investigate trends in the percentage of patients with hypertension/diabetes receiving lifestyle advice versus medication.

Risk factors associated with poor pain outcomes following primary knee replacement surgery: Analysis of data from the clinical practice research datalink, hospital episode statistics and patient reported outcomes as part of the STAR research programme.

Objective: Identify risk factors for poor pain outcomes six months after primary knee replacement surgery.

Methods: Observational cohort study on patients receiving primary knee replacement from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink, Hospital Episode Statistics and Patient Reported Outcomes. A wide range of variables routinely collected in primary and secondary care were identified as potential predictors of worsening or only minor improvement in pain, based on the Oxford Knee Score pain subscale.

Clinical and molecular associations with outcomes at 2 years after acute knee injury: a longitudinal study in the Knee Injury Cohort at the Kennedy (KICK).

Background: Joint injury is a major risk factor for osteoarthritis and provides an opportunity to prospectively examine early processes associated with osteoarthritis. We investigated whether predefined baseline demographic and clinical factors, and protein analytes in knee synovial fluid and in plasma or serum, were associated with clinically relevant outcomes at 2 years after knee injury.

Methods: This longitudinal cohort study recruited individuals aged 16-50 years between Nov 1, 2010, and Nov 28, 2014, across six hospitals and clinics in London, UK.

Association Between Race and COVID-19 Outcomes Among 2.6 Million Children in England.

Importance: Although children mainly experience mild COVID-19 disease, hospitalization rates are increasing, with limited understanding of underlying factors. There is an established association between race and severe COVID-19 outcomes in adults in England; however, whether a similar association exists in children is unclear.

Objective: To investigate the association between race and childhood COVID-19 testing and hospital outcomes.

NHS Health Checks: an observational study of equity and outcomes 2009-2017.

Background: The NHS Health Check cardiovascular prevention programme is now 10 years old.

Aim: To describe NHS Heath Check attendance, new diagnoses, and treatment in relation to equity indicators.

Design And Setting: A nationally representative database derived from 1500 general practices from 2009-2017.

Post-operative determinants of chronic pain after primary knee replacement surgery: Analysis of data on 258,386 patients from the National Joint Registry for England, Wales, Northern Ireland and the Isle of Man (NJR).

Objective: To identify post-operative risk factors for the development of chronic pain after knee replacement.

Design: Primary knee replacements in persons aged ≥18 years between April 2008 and December 2016 from the National Joint Registry, linked with English Hospital Episode Statistics data, and Patient Reported Outcome Measures. The outcome was chronic pain 6-months after surgery (Oxford Knee pain score).

Occupation and risk of knee osteoarthritis and knee replacement: A longitudinal, multiple-cohort study.

Objectives: To examine the effect of occupation on knee osteoarthritis (OA) and total knee replacement (TKR) in working-aged adults.

Methods: We used longitudinal data from the Chingford, Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) and Multicentre Osteoarthritis (MOST) studies. Participants with musculoskeletal disorders and/or a history of knee-related surgery were excluded.

Costs of Joint Replacement in Osteoarthritis: A Study Using the National Joint Registry and Clinical Practice Research Datalink Data Sets.

Objective: To estimate the costs of primary hip and knee replacement in individuals with osteoarthritis up to 2 years postsurgery, compare costs before and after the surgery, and identify predictors of hospital costs.

Methods: Patients age ≥18 years with primary planned hip or knee replacements and osteoarthritis in England between 2008 and 2016 were identified from the National Joint Registry and linked with Hospital Episode Statistics data containing inpatient episodes. Primary care data linked with hospital outpatient records were also used to identify patients age ≥18 years with primary hip or knee replacements between 2008 and 2016.

Psychological distress in women and men living with HIV in Spain: a cross-sectional telephone survey.

Background: Psychological distress includes a broader range of experiences, varying from less severe symptoms of depression and anxiety to severe psychiatric disease. Global estimates for depression and anxiety in 2017 were 3.4% and 3.

Real-world effect of antidepressants for depressive disorder in primary care: protocol of a population-based cohort study.

Introduction: Clinical guidelines recommend antidepressants as the first line of treatment for adults with moderate-to-severe depression. Randomised trials provide the best evidence on the comparative effectiveness of antidepressants for depression, but are limited by a short follow-up and a highly selected population. We aim to conduct a cohort study on a large database to assess acceptability, efficacy, safety and tolerability of antidepressant monotherapy in people with depressive disorder in primary care.

Is Aspirin as Effective as the Newer Direct Oral Anticoagulants for Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis After Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty? An Analysis From the National Joint Registry for England, Wales, Northern Ireland, and the Isle of Man.

Background: Few studies have compared aspirin with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) (DOACs = direct thrombin inhibitors and factor Xa inhibitors) for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We assessed the efficacy and safety of aspirin compared with DOACs for VTE prophylaxis after THA and TKA using the world's largest joint arthroplasty registry.

Methods: We studied the National Joint Registry linked to English hospital inpatient episodes for 218,650 THA and TKA patients.

Does Regional Anesthesia Reduce Complications Following Total Hip and Knee Replacement Compared With General Anesthesia? An Analysis From the National Joint Registry for England, Wales, Northern Ireland and the Isle of Man.

Background: Regional anesthesia is increasingly used in enhanced recovery programs following total hip replacement (THR) and total knee replacement (TKR). However, debate remains about its potential benefit over general anesthesia given that complications following surgery are rare. We assessed the risk of complications in THR and TKR patients receiving regional anesthesia compared with general anesthesia using the world's largest joint replacement registry.

Assessment on patient outcomes of primary hip replacement: an interrupted time series analysis from 'The National Joint Registry of England and Wales'.

Objectives: Effects of the UK Department of Health's national Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Programme on outcomes after primary hip replacement.

Design: Natural experimental study using interrupted time series to assess the changes in trends before, during and after ERAS implementation (April 2009 to March 2011).

Setting: Surgeries in the UK National Joint Registry were linked with Hospital Episode Statistics containing inpatient episodes from National Health Service trusts in England and patient reported outcome measures.

Geographical Variation in Outcomes of Primary Hip and Knee Replacement.

Importance: Little is known about variation in outcomes of surgery or about the factors associated with such variation.

Objectives: To evaluate variation in patient outcomes and costs for primary hip and knee replacement across health areas in England and to identify whether patient, surgical, or hospital factors are associated with such variation.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study used data from the National Joint Registry, linked to English Hospital Episode Statistics and Patient Reported Outcome Measures data sets, for 383 382 adult patients who underwent primary total hip replacement (THR) or primary total and unicompartmental knee replacement (TKR) surgical procedures from January 2014 to December 2016.

Predicting Incident Radiographic Knee Osteoarthritis in Middle-Aged Women Within Four Years: The Importance of Knee-Level Prognostic Factors.

Objective: To develop and internally validate risk models and a clinical risk score tool to predict incident radiographic knee osteoarthritis (RKOA) in middle-aged women.

Methods: We analyzed 649 women in the Chingford 1,000 Women study. The outcome was incident RKOA, defined as Kellgren/Lawrence grade 0-1 at baseline and ≥2 at year 5.

Development of a model predicting non-satisfaction 1 year after primary total knee replacement in the UK and transportation to Switzerland.

We aimed to develop a predictive model for non-satisfaction following primary total knee replacement (TKR) and to assess its transportability to another health care system. Data for model development were obtained from two UK tertiary hospitals. Model transportation data were collected from Geneva University Hospitals in Switzerland.

Oral bisphosphonate use and age-related macular degeneration: retrospective cohort and nested case-control study.

Our objective here was to determine whether oral bisphosphonate (BP) use is associated with the incidence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We performed a population-based study using electronic health records from UK primary care (Clinical Practice Research Datalink). A cohort of 13,974 hip fracture patients (1999-2013) was used to conduct (1) a propensity score-matched cohort analysis and (2) a nested case-control analysis.