The use of surface EMG in neurorehabilitation following traumatic spinal cord injury: A scoping review.

Objective: Surface electromyography (sEMG) is a common electrophysiological assessment used in clinical trials in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). This scoping review summarizes the most common sEMG techniques used to address clinically relevant neurorehabilitation questions. We focused on the role of sEMG assessments in the clinical practice and research studies on neurorehabilitation after SCI, and how sEMG reflects the changes observed with rehabilitation.

Beta-adrenergic-induced CD40 overexpression on gingival fibroblasts: role of PGE2.

CD40, a member of the tumour necrosis factor-alpha receptor family, is constitutively expressed by cells of haematopoietic and non-haematopoietic origin, including fibroblasts. Signalling through this receptor molecule regulates inflammatory mediator secretion by many cell types. The work has been performed in healthy subjects and the authors studied, by cellular culture, flow cytometric analysis and ELISA assay, the expression of CD40 and PGE2 (prostaglandin E2) generation on gingival fibroblasts stimulated by beta-AR (beta-adrenoceptor) agonists.

Circulating beta(1) Adrenergic Autoantibodies from Patients with Chronic Periodontitis Interact with Gingival Fibroblasts.

Objectives: To demonstrate the presence of circulating autoantibodies (Abs) from patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) that interacted with human gingival fibroblast membranes activating beta(1) adrenoceptors (beta(1)-AR).

Methods: Sera and purified IgG from 25 patients with CP and 20 age-matched healthy subjects were studied by flow cytometry, ELISA and DNA synthesis. Human gingival fibroblast membranes and/or synthetic peptides with amino acid sequences identical to human beta(1)-AR were used as antigens.

Differential regulation on human skin fibroblast by alpha1 adrenergic receptor subtypes.

Alpha 1 adrenoceptor (alpha1-AR) regulation of DNA synthesis was studied in human neonatal foreskin fibroblast. Saturation assay with a specific radioligand for alpha1 adrenergic [3H]-prazosin revealed two saturated and specific binding sites with high or low affinity. Competitive binding assay with different antagonist subtypes, defined pharmacologically three major types of alpha1-AR.

Nitric oxide synthase and PGE2 reciprocal interactions in rat dental pulp: cholinoceptor modulation.

In this study we determined the effect of cholinoceptor agonist pilocarpine on the stimulation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and on prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) generation upon rat dental pulp. By reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) we identified several products corresponding to m1, m2, m3, and m4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs). The stimulation of M1, M2, M3, and M4 mAChRs by pilocarpine increases NOS activity and PGE2 generation.

Activation of beta3 adrenergic receptor decreases DNA synthesis in human skin fibroblasts via cyclic GMP/nitric oxide pathway.

Background: Evidences have shown that beta1 and beta2 adrenoceptors co-exist in human fibroblasts, but it is not yet clear the functional expression of beta3 adrenoceptor in these cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and biological effect of beta3 adrenoceptor activation in human skin fibroblast and the different signaling pathways involved in its effect.

Methods: For this purpose in vitro cultures of human skin fibroblast were established from human foreskin and grown in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium.