Autochtonal case of chronic, unifocal, pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis with methotrexate use, in Salvador ‒ Brazil.

We report an autochthonous case of mild unifocal chronic pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis in a 48-year-old previously healthy woman with no history of possible environmental exposures in endemic rural areas, supposedly resulting from reactivation of a latent pulmonary focus secondary to the use of methotrexate for the control of Chikungunya arthropathy. Laboratory investigation ruled out other immunosuppression. Her only symptoms were a dry cough and chest pain.

Lung cancer screening in Brazil: recommendations from the Brazilian Society of Thoracic Surgery, Brazilian Thoracic Association, and Brazilian College of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging.

Although lung cancer (LC) is one of the most common and lethal tumors, only 15% of patients are diagnosed at an early stage. Smoking is still responsible for more than 85% of cases. Lung cancer screening (LCS) with low-dose CT (LDCT) reduces LC-related mortality by 20%, and that reduction reaches 38% when LCS by LDCT is combined with smoking cessation.

A randomized clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of L-carnitine L-tartrate to modulate the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Introduction: L-carnitine (LC) has been associated with inflammatory mediator reduction and with downregulating the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor, which is the target of SARS-CoV-2 attachment.

Methods: This pilot phase 2 randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial contained two cohorts. Cohort 1 comprised 101 individuals with negative RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 test results who cohabitated with an individual diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Myocardial infarction or myocarditis? A case report and review of a myocardial adverse event associated with mRNA vaccine.

A 23-year-old man started with chest pain 8 h after his first Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccination. ECG evaluation showed sinus tachycardia with ST-segment elevation in D1, AVL, V5, and V6, the findings compatible with acute subepicardial myocardial damage. However, cardiac MRI documented myocardial fibrosis, with cardiac late enhancement non-ischemic pattern with diffuse edema.

Incidence, aetiology and serotype coverage for pneumococcal vaccines of community-acquired pneumonia in adults: a population-based prospective active surveillance study in Brazil.

Objectives: To determine the incidence, aetiology and pneumococcal serotype distribution of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Brazilian adults during a 2-year period.

Design: Prospective population-based surveillance study.

Setting: Patients from two emergency hospitals in Brazil were consecutively included in this study.