Subjective quasi-vector-based refraction with a conventional phoropter.

Purpose: To introduce a novel methodology for subjective refraction based on power vectors with a conventional phoropter.

Methods: A conventional phoropter was used to measure power vector components of refraction (M, J and J) directly by using the sphere power (for M measurement) and the cylinder power combined with the Jackson cross-cylinders (for J and J measurements). Conventional subjective refraction was also performed, and this result was mathematically transformed into power vector notation for comparison purposes.

Optical quality in vitro and in vivo of an extended depth-of-focus intraocular lens with isofocal design.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to compare optical quality results obtained in laboratory analysis (in vitro) versus clinical data (in vivo).

Methods: The optical quality of ISOPure intraocular lens was assessed both in vitro and in vivo using the modulation transfer function (MTF) for 3.0 and 4.

Visual Outcomes and Patient Satisfaction After Bilateral Refractive Lens Exchange With a Trifocal Intraocular Lens in 5,226 Patients With Presbyopia.

Purpose: To assess visual and refractive outcomes and visual function after bilateral RayOne Trifocal toric and nontoric intraocular lens (IOL) (Rayner) implantation in patients with presbyopia.

Methods: Charts of patients with presbyopia who underwent refractive lens exchange with bilateral implantation of the RayOne Trifocal IOL (toric and non-toric) were retrospectively reviewed. Visual and refractive outcomes were evaluated at 3 months.

Optical power profiles and aberrations of a non-diffractive wavefront-shaping extended depth of focus intraocular lens.

Purpose: This study is to evaluate the optical characteristics of a non-diffractive wavefront-shaping intraocular lens which incorporates surface refractive modifications for shaping the wavefront in order to achieve extended depth of focus (EDoF) and to assess whether the nominal power of this IOL influences the attainable add power.

Methods: A commercially available optical bench NIMO TR1504 device (LAMBDA-X, Nivelles, Belgium) was employed to obtain full optical characterization of three non-diffractive EDoF intraocular lenses with + 10 D, + 20 D, and + 30 D powers. After NIMO measurements, data were computed using a custom-made MATLAB program (Mathworks, Inc.

Visual Performance of Two Designs of Myopia Management Soft Contact Lenses Compared with a Monofocal One in Young Adults.

Purpose: To compare the visual performance of two distinct types of soft contact lenses (CL) aimed at slowing down myopia progression with the performance of a monofocal soft CL.

Methods: In a prospective double-masked, crossover trial, 18 myopic adults (aged 18-30 years old) were fitted in a randomized order with three types of disposable CL: MiSight (dual-focus), Mylo (extended depth of focus -EDOF-), and Clariti (single distance vision). Measurements were taken after wearing the CL for five days with five days off in between at two different optometry centers.

Optical and Clinical Outcomes of an Isofocal Intraocular Lens vs. a Monofocal Standard Lens.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the results obtained on the optical bench and clinically with an isofocal lens (ISOPure, BVI medical, Belgium) to compare them to a standard monofocal one (MicroPure, BVI medical, Belgium). To do so, we have combined laboratory investigation and a prospective, comparative, and randomized clinical study. First, we have measured the wavefront of the two models studied using a NIMO TR1504 (Lambda-X, Belgium) deflectometer for three nominal powers: +10.

Revisiting Javal's rule: a fresh and improved power vector approach according to age.

Purpose: The scientific community has established Javal's rule as a model linking refractive (RA) and keratometric (KA) astigmatism since its appearance more than 100 years ago. The aim was to improve the accuracy of this relationship according to subject's age by applying the power vector analysis. Posterior corneal curvature has also been studied.

Subjective refraction using power vectors by updating a conventional phoropter with a Stokes lens for continuous astigmatic power generation.

Purpose: To implement a pure power vector method for monocular subjective refraction using a regular phoropter with the only modification being the inclusion of a Stokes lens. The proposed methodology was tested with three different Stokes lenses, and the results were compared with conventional clinical refraction procedures.

Methods: Power vector subjective refraction was performed by attaching a Stokes lens to the Risley prism holder.

Influence of Intravitreal Therapy on Choroidal Thickness in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema.

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the variation in subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and its relationship with the variation in central macular thickness (CME) in response to intravitreal therapy with an antiangiogenic (anti-VEGF) drug or corticosteroid in type 2 diabetic patients with diabetic macular edema (DME).

Material And Methods: This retrospective study included 70 eyes of 35 patients: 26 eyes received 4-5 intravitreal injections of aflibercept, 26 eyes were treated with a single intravitreal implant injection of dexamethasone, and 18 eyes without DME did not receive intravitreal therapy. SPECTRALIS® optical coherence tomography (OCT) (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) was used to measure the SFCT and CME before and at the end of the follow-up period.

Visual and optical quality of enhanced intermediate monofocal versus standard monofocal intraocular lens.

Purpose: Intraocular lens designs are constantly evolving, trying to obtain more spectacle independence after cataract surgery. This advantage can be linked to some disadvantages, such as optical quality decrease. For that reason, it is important to assess, not only the amount of vision provided but also the quality of vision once they are implanted.

Interocular biometric parameters comparison measured with swept-source technology.

Purpose: In the event that any ocular parameter involved in the calculation of intraocular lens power could not be properly measured in one eye, it is important to know whether clinically relevant differences between both eyes can be expected. The aim of this work is to evaluate the symmetry of interocular biometric parameters.

Methods: This was a prospective, cross-sectional study involving 4090 subjects.

Impact of Lens Material on Objective Refraction in Eyes with Trifocal Diffractive Intraocular Lenses.

Purpose: Compare subjective (Rx) and objective (ObjRx) refractions outcomes with two autorefractors models and an aberrometer in eyes implanted with a hydrophobic trifocal IOL (FineVision POD F GF, Physiol, Liége, Belgium) and a hydrophilic one (FineVision POD F, Physiol, Liége, Belgium).

Methods: Prospective comparative cohort study, with 100 subjects randomly assigned to either the POD F group (n = 50) or the POD F-GF group (n = 50). Postoperative eye examinations at 1-month visit included seven result sets, one for each assessment method: Rx, AR (automated refraction measured with the autorefractor KR8800), WF-P (Zernike-coefficients-based objective refraction, photopic pupil size), WF-M (Zernike-coefficients-based objective refraction, mesopic pupil size), WF-4 (Zernike-coefficients-based objective refraction, 4 mm pupil), OPD-C (automated refraction measured with the aberrometer OPD in the central pupil/photopic conditions), and OPD-M (automated refraction measured with the aberrometer OPD under mesopic conditions).

Retinal detachment after phacoemulsification in refractive surgery clinics: a large series analysis with variable follow-up during 16 years.

Purpose: To determine the long-term incidence of pseudophakic retinal detachment (PRD) after phacoemulsification and the weight of the main risk factors in the appearance of such complication in a large sample. To implement a customized formula and a software calculation program able to quantify the risk of suffering PRD applicable to all lens extraction patients.

Methods: Retrospective cumulative risk analysis conducted on 178,515 eyes operated under similar conditions in a group of refractive surgery clinics (Clínica Baviera SL) located in a relatively limited geographical area (Spain).

Efficacy, safety and visual outcomes of cataract surgeries performed during blindness prevention programs in different locations in Kenya.

Purpose: To determine the visual outcomes achieved in terms of efficacy and safety during high-volume cataract surgery programs in different locations in Kenya.

Methods: Eight hundred eighty-one eyes of 849 patients underwent extracapsular cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation in a retrospective, observational, consecutive cohort study on patients who underwent cataract surgery in five programs that a Spanish non-governmental organization conducted between 2013 and 2019 for the prevention of blindness in different geographical areas of Kenya: Thika, Athi River, Kissi, Bagavathi, and Nakuru. The programs were carried out by Spanish and Kenyan surgeons working together.

Influence of angle κ on visual and refractive outcomes after implantation of a diffractive trifocal intraocular lens.

Purpose: To evaluate changes in angle κ after the implantation of a trifocal intraocular lens (IOL) and to assess the postoperative outcomes of patients with different angle κ values.

Setting: IOA Madrid Innova Ocular, Madrid, Spain.

Design: Prospective trial.

Influence of trifocal intraocular lenses on standard autorefraction and aberrometer-based autorefraction.

Purpose: To study the agreement between manifest refraction and objective refraction measured with two autorefractor models and an aberrometer in eyes implanted with a trifocal diffractive intraocular lens (IOL).

Setting: IOA Madrid Innova Ocular, Madrid, Spain.

Design: Prospective comparative cohort study.

Binocular vision alterations after refractive and cataract surgery: a review.

To review binocular and accommodative disorders documented after corneal or intraocular refractive surgery, in normal healthy prepresbyopic patients. A bibliographic revision was performed; it included works published before 1st July 2017 where accommodation and/or binocularity was assessed following any type of refractive surgical procedure. The search in Pubmed yielded 1273 papers, 95 of which fulfilled the inclusion criteria.

Validity of automated refraction after segmented refractive multifocal intraocular lens implantation.

Aim: To evaluate the clinical utility of automated refraction (AR) and keratometry (KR) compared with subjective or manifest refraction (MR) after cataract or refractive lens exchange surgery with implantation of Lentis Mplus X (Oculentis GmbH) refractive multifocal intraocular lens (IOL).

Methods: Eighty-six eyes implanted with the Lentis Mplus X multifocal IOL were included. MR was performed in all patients followed by three consecutive AR measurements using the Topcon KR-8000 autorefractor.

Impact of contact lens material and design on the ocular surface.

Background: To evaluate the impact on the ocular surface of a daily disposable hydrogel contact lens with high water content compared with two silicone hydrogel daily disposable lenses of lower water content.

Methods: The hydrogel lens assessed was made from nesofilcon A and the silicone hydrogel lenses were made of delefilcon A and stenfilcon A. Contact lens thickness was measured to assess material stability during daily wear, and ocular surface parameters such as tear film osmolarity, tear meniscus area and central corneal thickness were also assessed.

An alternative clinical routine for subjective refraction based on power vectors with trial frames.

Purpose: Subjective refraction determines the final point of refractive error assessment in most clinical environments and its foundations have remained unchanged for decades. The purpose of this paper is to compare the results obtained when monocular subjective refraction is assessed in trial frames by a new clinical procedure based on a pure power vector interpretation with conventional clinical refraction procedures.

Methods: An alternative clinical routine is described that uses power vector interpretation with implementation in trial frames.

Interchangeability among five devices that measure anterior eye distances.

Purpose: The aim was to study the interchangeability of various devices that measure anterior chamber depth (ACD) and white-to-white (WTW) distance.

Methods: Eighty right eyes of eighty patients aged 20 to 40 years were included. Their spherical equivalent ranged from -4.

Intrasubject repeatability of corneal power, thickness, and wavefront aberrations with a new version of a dual rotating Scheimpflug-Placido system.

Purpose: To determine the intrasubject repeatability of a recently introduced dual-camera rotating Scheimpflug-Placido imaging system (Galilei G4) in determining corneal thickness, power, and wavefront aberrations in young healthy subjects.

Setting: University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.

Design: Prospective evaluation of diagnostic technology.

A pilot study on total, corneal, and internal aberrations in insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients.

Purpose: To explore the distribution of total, corneal, and internal higher-order aberrations (HOAs) in both insulin-dependent (IDDM) and non-insulin-dependent (NIDDM) diabetic patients.

Methods: Pilot study including seven patients with IDDM (14 eyes) and 11 patients with NIDDM (22 eyes). Ocular HOAs were examined using ray tracing aberrometry (i-Trace, Tracey Technologies Corp.

Changes in anterior chamber eye during accommodation as assessed using a Dual Scheimpflug system.

Purpose: To study the changes in anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber angle (ACA), and pupil diameter (PD) during accommodation.

Methods: Eighty eyes of 80 subjects, aged 22 to 40 years, were included. The rotating Dual Scheimpflug and a Placido disc system (Galilei G4, Ziemer Ophthalmic Systems AG, Switzerland) was used to measure the changes in ACD, ACA, and PD during accommodation.