Unveiling the Influence of Hot Carriers on Photovoltage Formation in Perovskite Solar Cells.

The experimental and theoretical study of photovoltage formation in perovskite solar cells under pulsed laser excitation at 0.53 μm wavelength is presented. Two types of solar cells were fabricated on the base of cesium-containing triple cation perovskite films: (1) Cs(FAMA)Pb(IBr) and (2) Cs(FAMA)PbSn(IBr).

Competition between Direct Detection Mechanisms in Planar Bow-Tie Microwave Diodes on the Base of InAlAs/InGaAs/InAlAs Heterostructures.

The application of the unique properties of terahertz radiation is increasingly needed in sensors, especially in those operating at room temperature without an external bias voltage. Bow-tie microwave diodes on the base of InGaAs semiconductor structures meet these requirements. These diodes operate on the basis of free-carrier heating in microwave electric fields, which allows for the use of such sensors in millimeter- and submillimeter-wavelength ranges.

Photoelectric Properties of Planar and Mesoporous Structured Perovskite Solar Cells.

The high efficiency of perovskite solar cells strongly depends on the quality of perovskite films and carrier extraction layers. Here, we present the results of an investigation of the photoelectric properties of solar cells based on perovskite films grown on compact and mesoporous titanium dioxide layers. Kinetics of charge carrier transport and their extraction in triple-cation perovskite solar cells were studied by using transient photovoltage and time-resolved photoluminescence decay measurements.

Indirect Measurement of Electron Energy Relaxation Time at Room Temperature in Two-Dimensional Heterostructured Semiconductors.

Hot carriers are a critical issue in modern photovoltaics and miniaturized electronics. We present a study of hot electron energy relaxation in different two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) structures and compare the measured values with regard to the dimensionality of the semiconductor formations. Asymmetrically necked structures containing different types of AlGaAs/GaAs single quantum wells, GaAs/InGaAs layers, or bulk highly and lowly doped GaAs formations were investigated.

Impact of Cesium Concentration on Optoelectronic Properties of Metal Halide Perovskites.

Performance of a perovskite solar cell is largely influenced by the optoelectronic properties of metal halide perovskite films. Here we study the influence of cesium concentration on morphology, crystal structure, photoluminescence and optical properties of the triple cation perovskite film. Incorporation of small amount (x = 0.

An Automotive Ferrofluidic Electromagnetic System for Energy Harvesting and Adaptive Damping.

Vibration energy harvesting is receiving significant interest due to the possibility of using extra power in various machines and constructions. This paper presents an energy-harvesting system that has a structure similar to that of a linear generator but uses permanent magnets and magnetorheological fluid insets. The application of a standard vehicle example with low frequencies and amplitudes of the excitations was used for the optimization and experimental runs.

Sensitive Planar Microwave Diode on the Base of Ternary AlGaAs Semiconductor Compound.

The article presents the results of experimental studies of the dc and high-frequency electrical characteristics of planar microwave diodes that are fabricated on the base of the -AlGaAs layer ( = 0, 0.15 or 0.3), epitaxially grown on a semi-insulating GaAs substrate.

Gated Bow-Tie Diode for Microwave to Sub-Terahertz Detection.

We propose a new design microwave radiation sensor based on a selectively doped semiconductor structure of asymmetrical shape (so-called bow-tie diode). The novelty of the design comes down to the gating of the active layer of the diode above different regions of the two-dimensional electron channel. The gate influences the sensing properties of the bow-tie diode depending on the nature of voltage detected across the ungated one as well as on the location of the gate in regard to the diode contacts.

Plasma concentration of cross-linked fibrin degradation product (D-dimer) and the risk of future myocardial infarction among apparently healthy men.

Background: Plasma levels of D-dimer, the primary degradation product of cross-linked fibrin, are elevated in several acute thrombotic disorders. However, whether elevated D-dimer levels among healthy individuals are associated with future coronary thrombosis is unknown.

Methods And Results: To evaluate whether levels of D-dimer are associated with the occurrence of future myocardial infarction (MI) among apparently healthy men, levels were measured in plasma samples collected at baseline from 296 participants in the Physicians' Health Study who later developed a first MI and from an equal number of age- and smoking status-matched control subjects who remained free of vascular disease during a mean follow-up period of 60.

The immunodepletion of factor VII from human plasma using a monoclonal antibody.

A murine hybridoma cell line which secretes monoclonal antibody to factor VII has been prepared to facilitate the immunodepletion of this clotting factor from plasma. Specific monoclonal antibody was purified from mouse ascites tumours by protein A-Sepharose chromatography and shown to be of the IgG1 immunoglobulin subclass. On immunoblotting, this antibody reacted with a single protein band identical to purified factor VII.

Placental transport of low molecular weight heparin in the pregnant sheep.

Standard heparin, an effective treatment for antepartum thromboembolic disease, is thought to be safe for the fetus since it does not cross the placenta. Recently, a number of low molecular weight heparins have been prepared which have been shown to produce less bleeding than standard heparin for an equivalent antithrombotic effect in experimental animals. These observations suggest that the low molecular weight heparins may also provide superior antithrombotic therapy in antepartum thromboembolic disease.

Effects of heparin fractions of different affinities to antithrombin III and thrombin on the inactivation of thrombin and factor Xa by antithrombin III.

To investigate the relative contribution of heparin-binding thrombin and antithrombin III to the enhancement of the rate of inactivation of thrombin by antithrombin III, standard heparin was fractionated on matrix-linked thrombin and (or) antithrombin III. There was a good correlation between heparin affinity for antithrombin III and its ability to enhance the inactivation of thrombin and factor Xa. In addition, there was a good correlation between affinity of heparin for thrombin and its catalytic activity on the inactivation of thrombin by antithrombin III.

A comparison of the antithrombotic and haemorrhagic effects of low molecular weight heparin fractions: the influence of the method of preparation.

Bleeding is an important complication of heparin therapy. A number of low molecular weight heparin fractions produce less bleeding than standard heparin for an equivalent antithrombotic effect in experimental animals. Low molecular weight heparin fractions and fragments are produced by a number of different procedures but their relative effects on haemostasis and thrombosis have not been evaluated.

Heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate inhibit the generation of thrombin activity in plasma by complementary pathways.

Heparan with a low affinity for antithrombin III has previously been demonstrated to inhibit thrombin generation in both normal plasma and plasma depleted of antithrombin III. In addition, standard heparin and heparin with a low affinity for antithrombin III have been demonstrated to have equivalent inhibitory actions on thrombin generation in plasma depleted of antithrombin III. These observations prompted the investigation of the effects of four normal vessel wall glycosaminoglycans (heparan sulfate, dermatan sulfate, chondroitin-4-sulfate, and chondroitin-6-sulfate) on the intrinsic pathway generation of thrombin and factor Xa and on the inactivation of thrombin and factor Xa in plasma.

The inhibition of the anticoagulant activity of heparin by platelets, brain phospholipids, and tissue factor.

Platelets and phospholipids have been shown to protect factor Xa from inhibition by the heparin--antithrombin III complex. The studies reported herein investigated the effects of gel filtered platelets, activated platelets, brain phospholipids (cephalin), and brain tissue factor on the inactivation of thrombin and factor Xa by the heparin--antithrombin III complex. In addition, the relative anticoagulant effects of heparin on the extrinsic and intrinsic coagulation pathways were investigated.

Enhanced prothrombin-converting activity and factor Xa binding of platelets activated by the alternative complement pathway.

Platelet prothrombin-converting activity and factor Xa binding were studied after exposure of human platelet rich plasma (PRP) to various conditions leading to platelet activation. Zymosan resulted in increased platelet-bound C3, enhanced prothrombin-converting activity and increased factor Xa binding. Similar findings were observed with normal platelets resuspended in factor XII-deficient plasma.

Heparin with low affinity to antithrombin III inhibits the activation of prothrombin in normal plasma.

Standard unfractionated heparin is known to have two actions on blood clotting. Unfractionated heparin enhances the rates at which antithrombin III inactivates activated clotting factors, and inhibits the activation of both Factor X and prothrombin by disrupting the calcium and phospholipid dependent assembly of the Factor X and prothrombin activator complexes. This latter inhibitory action of heparin occurs independently of antithrombin III.

Comparison of the in vivo hemorrhagic and antithrombotic effects of a low antithrombin-III affinity heparin fraction.

Antithrombin III (ATIII) affinity chromatography of commercial grade heparin yields fractions of high and low affinity for ATIII. In vitro, the high affinity fraction accounts for most of the anticoagulant effect while there is evidence that the low affinity material interferes with platelet function. We have studied the relative antithrombotic and hemorrhagic effects of low affinity heparin.

The relationship between the hemorrhagic and antithrombotic properties of low molecular weight heparin in rabbits.

We have compared the hemorrhagic and antithrombotic effects of a low molecular weight (LMW) heparin fraction and standard heparin in rabbits. Similar LMW heparin fractions have antithrombotic effects when tested in animals, but their hemorrhagic effects relative to standard heparin have not been established. Standard porcine mucosal heparin (mol wt 15,000 daltons) was depolymerized by nitrous acid to a low molecular weight fraction (mol wt 4600 daltons).

Synthesis of thromboxane B2 and prostaglandins by bovine gastric mucosal microsomes.

Bovine gastric mucosal microsomes synthesize prostaglandins from arachidonic acid but thromboxane B2 is the principal product. Thromboxane B2 synthesis occurs at an appreciable rate from endogenous precursor but more rapidly with added arachidonate. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs inhibited synthesis of prostaglandins and thromboxanes with the following decreasing order of potency: indomethacin, fenoprofen, acetylsalicylic acid, phenylbutazone, sulfinpyrazone, and acetaminophen.