The Psychoeducational Interventions: a valuable communication tool to support the caregiver of people with dementia.

Background: informal caregivers of people with dementia are at greater risk of developing physical and mental health problems when compared to the general population: they often experience high levels of stress which can lead to a lowered sense of well-being, feelings of being burdened, depression and compromised physical health. The significant beneficial effects of Psychoeducational Interventions on the critical outcomes of caregiver burden and strain were considered sufficient to warrant a recommendation in favour of the intervention. The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly increased the use internet-based interventions: this study describes the effectiveness of support program for informal caregivers of people with dementia internet-based and on-site conditions.

Multiorgan ultrastructural changes in rats induced in synthetic torpor.

Torpor is a state used by several mammals to survive harsh winters and avoid predation, characterized by a drastic reduction in metabolic rate followed by a decrease in body temperature, heart rate, and many physiological variables. During torpor, all organs and systems must adapt to the new low-energy expenditure conditions to preserve physiological homeostasis. These adaptations may be exploited in a translational perspective in several fields.

Activation of orexin-A (hypocretin-1) receptors in the Raphe Pallidus at different ambient temperatures in the rat: effects on thermoregulation, cardiovascular control, sleep, and feeding behavior.

The Raphe Pallidus (RPa) is a brainstem nucleus containing sympathetic premotor neurons that control thermogenesis and modulate cardiovascular function. It receives inputs from various hypothalamic areas, including the Lateral Hypothalamus (LH), a heterogeneous region intricately involved in several autonomic and behavioral functions. A key subpopulation of neurons in the LH expresses orexin/hypocretin, a neuropeptide which is crucially involved in the regulation of the wake-sleep states and feeding behavior.

Effect of impeller type on cellular morphology and production of clavulanic acid by Streptomyces clavuligerus.

It is essential to evaluate the effects of operating conditions in submerged cultures of filamentous microorganisms. In particular, the impeller type influences the flow pattern, power consumption, and energy dissipation, leading to differences in the hydrodynamic environment that affect the morphology of the microorganism. This work investigated the effect of different impeller types, namely the Rushton turbine (RT-RT) and Elephant Ear impellers in up-pumping (EEUP) and down-pumping (EEDP) modes, on cellular morphology and clavulanic acid (CA) production by Streptomyces clavuligerus in a stirred-tank bioreactor.

Fluorescent Neuronal Cells v2: multi-task, multi-format annotations for deep learning in microscopy.

Fluorescent Neuronal Cells v2 is a collection of fluorescence microscopy images and the corresponding ground-truth annotations, designed to foster innovative research in the domains of Life Sciences and Deep Learning. This dataset encompasses three image collections wherein rodent neuronal cell nuclei and cytoplasm are stained with diverse markers to highlight their anatomical or functional characteristics. Specifically, we release 1874 high-resolution images alongside 750 corresponding ground-truth annotations for several learning tasks, including semantic segmentation, object detection and counting.

Lower Jaw Full-Arch Restoration: A Completely Digital Approach to Immediate Load.

The digital transformation has revolutionized various sectors, including dentistry. Dentistry has emerged as a pioneer in embracing digital technologies, leading to advancements in surgical and prosthetic oral healthcare. Immediate loading for full-arch edentulous dental implants, once debated, is now widely accepted.

Torpor: A whole-brain view of the underlying neural network.

Torpor is a physiological state with substantial translational implications. In recent years, several brain regions responsible for controlling torpor have been pinpointed. The latest research, employing comprehensive whole-brain anatomical analysis, offers insights into a broader network responsible for regulating torpor.

Sleep deprivation soon after recovery from synthetic torpor enhances tau protein dephosphorylation in the rat brain.

Neuronal Tau protein hyperphosphorylation (PPtau) is a hallmark of tauopathic neurodegeneration. However, a reversible brain PPtau occurs in mammals during either natural or "synthetic" torpor (ST), a transient deep hypothermic state that can be pharmacologically induced in rats. Since in both conditions a high sleep pressure builds up during the regaining of euthermia, the aim of this work was to assess the possible role of post-ST sleep in PPtau dephosphorylation.

Corrigendum: Synthetic torpor triggers a regulated mechanism in the rat brain, favoring the reversibility of Tau protein hyperphosphorylation.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.

Solvent-Free Enzymatic Synthesis of Dietary Triacylglycerols from Cottonseed Oil in a Fluidized Bed Reactor.

The synthesis of structured lipids with nutraceutical applications, such as medium-long-medium (MLM) triacylglycerols, via modification of oils and fats represents a challenge for the food industry. This study aimed to synthesize MLM-type dietary triacylglycerols by enzymatic acidolysis of cottonseed oil and capric acid (C10) catalyzed by Lipozyme RM IM (lipase from ) in a fluidized bed reactor (FBR). After chemical characterization of the feedstock and hydrodynamic characterization of the reactor, a 2 central composite rotatable design was used to optimize capric acid incorporation.

Phytoremediation of Pollutants: Applicability and Future Perspective.

Environmental pollution is a global issue since it is spreading worldwide, affecting entire ecosystems [...

Ultrasonic vocalisations during rapid eye movement sleep in the rat.

Rats are known to use a 22-kHz ultrasonic vocalisation as a distress call to warn of danger to other members of their group. We monitored 22-kHz ultrasonic vocalisation emissions in rats (lean and obese) as part of a sleep deprivation study to detect the eventual presence of stress during the procedure. Unexpectedly, we detected ultrasonic vocalisation emission during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, but not during non-REM (NREM) sleep, in all the rats.

Discovery of plastic-degrading microbial strains isolated from the alpine and Arctic terrestrial plastisphere.

Increasing plastic production and the release of some plastic in to the environment highlight the need for circular plastic economy. Microorganisms have a great potential to enable a more sustainable plastic economy by biodegradation and enzymatic recycling of polymers. Temperature is a crucial parameter affecting biodegradation rates, but so far microbial plastic degradation has mostly been studied at temperatures above 20°C.

Full-Arch Guided Restoration and Bone Regeneration: A Complete Digital Workflow Case Report.

Objective: complex rehabilitations present multiple difficulties, regarding both the planification of the surgery and the design of the prothesis. A digital approach can support the workflow, as well as the degree of intraoperative precision, and improve the long-term prognosis.

Methods: A surgical guide was designed for implant placement.

Synthetic torpor triggers a regulated mechanism in the rat brain, favoring the reversibility of Tau protein hyperphosphorylation.

Hyperphosphorylated Tau protein (PPTau) is the hallmark of tauopathic neurodegeneration. During "synthetic torpor" (ST), a transient hypothermic state which can be induced in rats by the local pharmacological inhibition of the Raphe Pallidus, a reversible brain Tau hyperphosphorylation occurs. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the - as yet unknown - molecular mechanisms underlying this process, at both a cellular and systemic level.

Oxygen transfer and gas holdup in airlift bioreactors assembled with helical flow promoters.

Bioreactors can perform biochemical conversions mediated by biocatalysts, such as enzymes, animal cells, plants, and microorganisms. Among several existing models, airlift bioreactors are devices with the low shear environment and good mass transfer with low energy consumption, employed in several biochemical processes. The fluid flow is enabled through air injection by the sparger located at the bioreactor base.

Potential benefits of using an energy-dense, high-protein formula enriched with β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, fructo-oligosaccharide, and vitamin D for enteral feeding in the ICU: A pilot case-control study in COVID-19 patients.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the potential benefits of using an energy-dense, high-protein (HP) formula enriched with β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB), fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS), and vitamin D (VitD) for enteral feeding in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods: This was a nested case-control multicenter study. Mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 in whom enteral nutrition was not contraindicated and receiving an energy-dense, HP-HMB-FOS-VitD formula (1.

Synthetic torpor protects rats from exposure to accelerated heavy ions.

Hibernation or torpor is considered a possible tool to protect astronauts from the deleterious effects of space radiation that contains high-energy heavy ions. We induced synthetic torpor in rats by injecting adenosine 5'-monophosphate monohydrate (5'-AMP) i.p.

Use of Biostimulants as a New Approach for the Improvement of Phytoremediation Performance-A Review.

Environmental pollution is one of the most pressing global issues, and it requires priority attention. Environmental remediation techniques have been developed over the years and can be applied to polluted sites, but they can have limited effectiveness and high energy consumption and costs. Bioremediation techniques, on the other hand, represent a promising alternative.

Neurons in the Dorsomedial Hypothalamus Promote, Prolong, and Deepen Torpor in the Mouse.

Torpor is a naturally occurring, hypometabolic, hypothermic state engaged by a wide range of animals in response to imbalance between the supply and demand for nutrients. Recent work has identified some of the key neuronal populations involved in daily torpor induction in mice, in particular, projections from the preoptic area of the hypothalamus to the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH). The DMH plays a role in thermoregulation, control of energy expenditure, and circadian rhythms, making it well positioned to contribute to the expression of torpor.

Relation of shear stress and Ka on bikaverin production by Fusarium oxysporum CCT7620 in a bioreactor.

This study involved evaluating the effects of rotational impeller speed agitation (N) and specific air flow rate (Ф) on bikaverin production and on the growth of Fusarium oxysporum employing 11 bench-scale bioreactor assays. The results showed that the maximum bikaverin production (close to 300 mg L) was achieved after 48 h of fermentation in rice medium (20 g L milled rice in water) at 28 °C with a volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (Ka) and shear stress values of approximately 20 h and 17 N m, respectively. We reached this combination of parameters using an N of 340 rpm and Ф of 0.

Automating cell counting in fluorescent microscopy through deep learning with c-ResUnet.

Counting cells in fluorescent microscopy is a tedious, time-consuming task that researchers have to accomplish to assess the effects of different experimental conditions on biological structures of interest. Although such objects are generally easy to identify, the process of manually annotating cells is sometimes subject to fatigue errors and suffers from arbitrariness due to the operator's interpretation of the borderline cases. We propose a Deep Learning approach that exploits a fully-convolutional network in a binary segmentation fashion to localize the objects of interest.

Light and Temperature Shape the Phenylpropanoid Profile of Fronds.

is a genus of floating freshwater ferns. By their high growth and N fixation rates, species have been exploited for centuries by populations of South-east Asia as biofertilizers in rice paddies. The use of species as a sustainable plant material for diverse applications, such as feeding, biofuel production, and bioremediation, has encountered a growing interest over the last few years.