Background: Migration, driven by factors like poverty, violence, and natural disasters, is a key social determinant of health. While international migrants often have worse perinatal outcomes, research on perinatal health differences between internal migrants and non-migrants remains limited. We aimed to determine whether the offspring of women who migrate within Brazil experience poorer perinatal outcomes than those of non-migrants, according to the Human Development Index (HDI) of their municipalities of origin and destination.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The increase in emerging and re-emerging infectious disease outbreaks underscores the need for robust early warning systems (EWSs) to guide mitigation and response measures. Administrative health care databases provide valuable epidemiological insights without imposing additional burdens on health services. However, these datasets are primarily collected for operational use, making data quality assessment essential to ensure an accurate interpretation of epidemiological analysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Burnout syndrome, one of the consequences of chronic exposure to stressful, is more prevalent among physicians compared to the general population. Anesthesiology, alongside high-stress specialties such as emergency medicine and surgery, is particularly susceptible to this condition. During the COVID-19 pandemic, anesthesiologists were often on the front lines, potentially exacerbating burnout.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChikungunya virus infection often manifests as an acute, self-limiting febrile illness, with arthralgia and musculoskeletal symptoms being the most commonly reported. Arthralgia can persist for months or even years, and approximately 50% of cases progress to chronic conditions. However, recent outbreaks have revealed a rising number of severe cases and fatalities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSyndromic surveillance using primary health care (PHC) data is a valuable tool for early outbreak detection, as demonstrated by the potential to identify COVID-19 outbreaks. However, the potential of such an early warning system in the post-COVID-19 era remains largely unexplored. We analyzed PHC encounter counter of respiratory complaints registered in the database of the Brazilian Unified National Health System from October 2022 to July 2023.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: To measure the levels of functionality and QoL of caregivers of patients with BD, investigating the association between them, as well as the relationship with clinical and sociodemographic data of these caregivers.
Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted between 2020 and 2022 with caregivers of patients with BD treated in an outpatient clinic of a university hospital. The following instruments were applied: Clinical and sociodemographic questionnaire, WHODAS 2.
Background: In utero exposure to infections might set the stage for a chain of events leading to a wide spectrum of long-term health outcomes observed in children and adolescents. This proposal aims to investigate whether syphilis, zika, dengue and chikungunya during pregnancy can increase the risk of the offspring developing a non-infectious chronic condition during childhood and adolescence.
Objectives: 1) Estimate the risk of non-infectious chronic conditions associated to syphilis, zika, dengue and chikungunya during pregnancy and when appropriate, explore if the risk varies by timing during pregnancy when the infection is acquired (first, second or third trimester) and severity (such as severe or mild dengue); 2) Investigate whether in uterus exposure to maternal infection affects the growth pattern of children and adolescents; 3) Examine the extent to which the relationship between maternal infection and non-infectious chronic outcomes are mediated by intrauterine growth restriction and preterm birth.
Objectives: Mass COVID-19 immunization campaigns altered the pandemic's progress by protecting the vaccine recipient and reducing transmission. However, evidence for indirect vaccine effectiveness (IVE) is limited due to the difficulties of ascertaining this type of protection.
Methods: Using linked national Brazilian databases, we adapted the test-negative design to evaluate the IVE against symptomatic infection.
Background: Chikungunya virus outbreaks have been associated with excess deaths at the ecological level. Previous studies have assessed the risk factors for severe versus mild chikungunya virus disease. However, the risk of death following chikungunya virus disease compared with the risk of death in individuals without the disease remains unexplored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLancet Reg Health Am
February 2024
Background: Earlier studies have proposed a link between the Interpregnancy Interval (IPI) and unfavorable birth outcomes. However, it remains unclear if the outcomes of previous births could affect this relationship. We aimed to investigate whether the occurrence of adverse outcomes-small for gestational age (SGA), preterm birth (PTB), and low birth weight (LBW)-at the immediately preceding pregnancy could alter the association between IPI and the same outcomes at the subsequent pregnancy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: Olfactory loss is a recognized long-term dysfunction after Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. This investigation aimed to assess the effect of alpha-lipoic acid as an adjuvant treatment of olfactory training on the improvement of smell loss in post-COVID-19 patients.
Methods: This randomized controlled trial included 128 adult outpatients who had persistent smell loss for more than 3-months after COVID-19 infection.
Background: The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in 2020 highlighted the relevance of surveillance systems in detecting early signs of potential outbreaks, thus enabling public health authorities to act before the pathogen becomes widespread. Syndromic digital surveillance through web applications has played a crucial role in monitoring the spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. However, this approach requires expensive infrastructure, which is not available in developing countries.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCOVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy is safe and effective in reducing the risk of complications. However, the uptake is still below targets worldwide. This study aimed to explore the factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination uptake among pregnant women since data on this topic is scarce in low-to-middle-income countries.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: COVID-19 vaccines have been shown to protect pregnant individuals against mild and severe COVID-19 outcomes. However, limited safety data are available for inactivated (CoronaVac) and mRNA (BNT162b2) vaccines during pregnancy regarding their effect on birth outcomes and neonatal mortality, especially in low- and middle-income countries.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with 17 513 singleton live births conceived between 15 May 2021 and 23 October 2021.
Background: Indigenous people have historically suffered devastating impacts from epidemics and continue to have lower access to healthcare and be especially vulnerable to respiratory infections. We estimated the coverage and effectiveness of Covid-19 vaccines against laboratory-confirmed Covid-19 cases among indigenous people in Brazil.
Methods: We linked nationwide Covid-19 vaccination data with flu-like surveillance records and studied a cohort of vaccinated indigenous people aged ≥ 5 years between 18th January 2021 and 1st March 2022.
Background: There is limited data on the prevalence and risk factors for long COVID and few prospective studies with appropriate control groups and adequate sample sizes. We performed a prospective study to determine the prevalence and risk factors for long COVID.
Methods: We recruited individuals aged ≥15 years who were clinically suspected of having an acute SARS-CoV-2 infection from September 2020 to April 2021.
The aim was to assess the lifetime prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity (PC) in Brazilian euthymic individuals with bipolar disorder type I, and investigate its effects on clinical outcomes and functioning. A group of 179 outpatients with BD-I in the recuperation phase were assessed, of whom 75 (41.9%) had PC and 104 (58.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Telehealth has been widely used for new case detection and telemonitoring during the COVID-19 pandemic. It safely provides access to health care services and expands assistance to remote, rural areas and underserved communities in situations of shortage of specialized health professionals. Qualified data are systematically collected by health care workers containing information on suspected cases and can be used as a proxy of disease spread for surveillance purposes.
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