Changes in Serum Proteins in Cats with Obesity: A Proteomic Approach.

Obesity is defined as the excessive accumulation of adipose tissue and is currently the most common disease in cats. Similarly to humans, obesity negatively impacts the health and welfare of cats, predisposing them to many other disorders. The objective of this study was to compare the serum proteomes of normal-weight and overweight/obese cats, aiming to gain insights into the physiopathology of feline obesity and potentially identify new biomarkers.

Oxidative Status and Lipid Metabolism Analytes in Dogs with Mast Cell Tumors: A Preliminary Study.

Mast cell tumors (MCTs) are common skin neoplasms in dogs. Prognostic indicators include histologic grade, clinical stage, high Ki-67 index, elevated argyrophilic nucleolus organizer regions (AgNOR) index, mutations, and recurrence after surgery. Blood serum redox status has been shown to correlate with prognostic factors in canine lymphoma and mammary tumors.

Associations between health, productive performance and oral fluid biomarkers in commercial pig farms.

Background: Oral fluid contains analytes that may be reflective of health and welfare in pig herds. Additionally, oral fluid collection is a more convenient and cost-effective option when compared to blood sampling, increasing the potential of oral fluid as a non-invasive alternative tool. While a growing number of biomarkers can be measured in porcine oral fluid, the use of these analytes to compare commercial herds in veterinary practice is still limited.

New immunomodulatory treatment protocol for canine leishmaniosis reduces parasitemia and proteinuria.

The current standard treatment for canine leishmaniosis (CanL), N-methylglucamine antimoniate (MGA) given with allopurinol, is not fully effective and may cause adverse effects and drug resistance. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that nucleotides, administered alone or with AHCC, offer benefits in the treatment of CanL. This study examines the effects of a new immunomodulatory treatment protocol in which dietary nucleotides and AHCC are added to the recommended standard treatment.

Mosquito-independent milk-associated transmission of zoonotic Wesselsbron virus in sheep.

Wesselsbron virus (WSLV) is a zoonotic, mosquito-borne orthoflavivirus endemic to sub-Saharan Africa, causing abortions and stillbirths in small ruminants. The life cycle of WSLV involves Aedes mosquitoes and various wildlife and domestic animals. Seminal studies in the 1950s have shown the zoonotic potential of WSLV, notably in accidental infections of laboratory workers exposed to infected material.

Glycated haemoglobin and serum fructosamine concentrations in sick, non-diabetic dogs receiving oral prednisolone.

Background: Glucocorticoids have been associated with an increased risk of developing diabetes mellitus (DM) in dogs. Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and serum fructosamine have been scarcely studied in dogs receiving glucocorticoid therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate HbA1c and fructosamine in non-diabetic dogs receiving oral prednisolone.

Changes in Immunoglobulins G and A in the Saliva and Serum of Horses with Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome (EGUS) and Their Relationship with Other Immune and Redox Status Biomarkers.

Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome (EGUS) is a widespread disease with a very high prevalence and importance in horses. It includes two conditions: Equine squamous gastric disease (ESGD), linked to acid disturbances, and Equine Glandular Gastric Disease (EGGD), associated with inflammation and immune system issues. In saliva, increased levels of immunological markers have been observed in this disease, indicating immune system involvement.

Towards the Identification of New Biomarkers in Saliva and Serum for Treatment Monitoring of Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome: A Liquid Proteomic Approach.

Equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) is a common condition in horses. This study explores the use of liquid proteomics to identify new biomarkers in saliva and serum to monitor EGUS treatment. The proteomes of horses with EGUS before and after a successful treatment with omeprazole were analysed.

Measurement of New Biomarkers of Immunity and Welfare in Colostrum and Milk of Pigs: Analytical Validation and Changes During Lactation.

Colostrum is a mammary secretion released from the time of farrowing to 36 h post-farrowing. After this time and during all the rest of lactation, the mammary secretion is considered milk. The objectives of this study were: (1) to perform an analytical validation in the colostrum and milk of sows of assays for four analytes related to immunity: total ADA (tADA) and its isoenzymes (ADA1 and ADA2), myeloperoxidase (Mpx), calprotectin, and calgranulin, and two analytes related to welfare: cortisol and alpha-amylase.

New strategies to classify canine pleural effusions and the diagnostic value of acute phase proteins, amylase, and adenosine deaminase in pleural exudates.

Background: In dogs, simplified Light's criteria can discriminate transudates from exudates. Other tests used in human medicine are pleural effusion cholesterol (CHOL) and butyrylcholinesterase [BChE], the pleural effusion/serum ratio of these analytes (CHOL and BChE), and the serum albumin minus pleural effusion albumin gradient (SEAG).

Objectives: We aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracies of different biomarkers in dogs with pleural effusion in differentiating exudates from transudates.

Refuting the hypothesis of Centinelan extinction at its place of origin.

Scientists' limited understanding of tropical plant communities obscures the true extent of species loss caused by habitat destruction. The Centinelan extinction hypothesis posits an extreme but widely referenced scenario wherein forest clearing causes the immediate extinction of species known only from a single geographic location. It remains unclear, however, whether the disappearance of such microendemics reflects their global extinction or insufficient collection effort at larger scales.

Saliva as a Potential Source of Biomarkers in Cows with Metritis: A Pilot Study.

Metritis affects 5-20% of cows after parturition, negatively impacting animal welfare and the profitability of dairy farms, increasing culling rates and costs, and decreasing productivity and reproduction rates. This study compared the results of a comprehensive biochemical panel consisting of 25 salivary and 31 serum analytes between healthy cows ( = 16) and cows with metritis ( = 12). Descriptive parameters such as depression, rectal temperature, body condition score (BCS), heart rate, respiratory rate, mucous color, ruminal motility, vaginal discharge, milk production, and complete hematology analyses were also assessed for comparative purposes.

The Staged Photocatalytic Reactor in the Removal of Acetaminophen: Aspects of Adsorption and Photocatalysis.

The efficiency of a staged photocatalytic reactor prototype was evaluated on a semi-pilot scale with the removal of acetaminophen, for which anatase particles were synthesized by Sol-Gel and impregnated on rectangular plates of clay. X-ray diffraction and Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence patterns show that the final composite is made up of AlO (14 %), SiO (41 %), CaO (3 %) TiO (34 %), and FeO (7 %). The impregnation method favors the dispersion of Anatase on the surface of the adsorbent.

Preclinical modeling of metabolic syndrome to study the pleiotropic effects of novel antidiabetic therapy independent of obesity.

Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic health reflects the interactions between metabolic risk factors, chronic kidney disease, and the cardiovascular system. A growing body of literature suggests that metabolic syndrome (MetS) in individuals of normal weight is associated with a high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and an increased mortality. The aim of this study was to establish a non-invasive preclinical model of MetS in support of future research focusing on the effects of novel antidiabetic therapies beyond glucose reduction, independent of obesity.

Effects of the oral administration of glycosaminoglycans with or without native type II collagen on the articular cartilage transcriptome in an osteoarthritic-induced rabbit model.

Background: In a previous study, the 84-day administration of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), with or without native collagen type II (NC), in an osteoarthritis (OA)-induced rabbit model slowed down OA progression, improved several micro- and macroscopic parameters and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarkers in cartilage, and increased hyaluronic acid levels in synovial fluid. To elucidate the potential underlying mechanisms, a transcriptomics approach was conducted using medial femoral condyle and trochlea samples.

Results: The administration of chondroitin sulfate (CS), glucosamine hydrochloride (GlHCl), and hyaluronic acid (HA), with (CGH-NC) or without (CGH) NC, strongly modulated several genes involved in chondrocyte extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and homeostasis when compared to non-treated rabbits (CTR group).

Paraoxonase I Activity and Its Relationship with Nutrition in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by progressive motor neuron degeneration, with oxidative stress playing a key role. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an antioxidant enzyme that may influence ALS progression. This study aimed to establish a predictive model for the influence of PON1 activity on functionality in ALS patients and explore its relationship with nutrition.

Cortisone in saliva of pigs: validation of a new assay and changes after thermal stress.

Background: Cortisone is derived from cortisol through the action of the enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II, and it has gained importance in recent years as a biomarker of stress. This study aimed to develop and validate an assay for the measurement of cortisone in pig saliva and evaluate whether its concentration varies in stressful situations. For this purpose, a specific immunoassay was developed and validated analytically, and a study was performed to evaluate whether cortisone concentrations in saliva can vary under heat stress conditions.

Impact of sex on clinical and laboratory parameters in patients with heart failure: insights from the Colombian Heart Failure Registry (RECOLFACA).

Introduction: Heart failure (HF) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study aimed to assess the impact of sex on sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters in patients with HF who were included in the Colombian Heart Failure Registry (RECOLFACA).

Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytical research.

Changes in cortisol, cortisone and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II activity in saliva during pregnancy and lactation in sows.

The activity of the enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II (11β-HSD type II), which can be estimated by the combined measurement of cortisol and cortisone, is gaining importance as a marker for the assessment of stress in pigs. The aim of this study was to investigate the activity of this enzyme and the salivary concentrations of cortisol and cortisone in pigs during pregnancy, farrowing and lactation and to compare it with other stress-related biomarkers such as Chromogranin A (CgA), S100A12 and alpha-amylase. Salivary cortisone concentrations and 11β-HSD type II activity decreased after farrowing, while cortisol concentrations increased.

The use of serum paraoxonase-1 to assess inflammation in horses with colitis.

Background: Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) has been suggested as a marker of inflammation and oxidative stress in horses and could potentially be used for prognostication in horses with colitis.

Objectives: Assessment of PON-1 in horses with colitis and comparison of two methods.

Methods: Serum PON-1 was measured by two methods (paraoxon and p-nitrophenyl acetate) in 161 horses with colitis and 57 controls.

Eligibility of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: Insights from the Colombian heart failure registry (RECOLFACA).

Background: The value of Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2 inhibitor) therapy in individuals with heart failure with preserved EF (HFpEF) was unknown until the EMPEROR-Preserved trial. We aimed to assess the proportion of patients with HFpEF that are eligible for empagliflozin therapy within the Colombian Heart Failure Registry (RECOLFACA).

Methods: RECOLFACA enrolled adult patients with a HF diagnosis during 2017-2019 from 60 medical centers in Colombia.