Cerebral Microbleeds and Amyloid Pathology Estimates From the Amyloid Biomarker Study.

Importance: Baseline cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and APOE ε4 allele copy number are important risk factors for amyloid-related imaging abnormalities in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) receiving therapies to lower amyloid-β plaque levels.

Objective: To provide prevalence estimates of any, no more than 4, or fewer than 2 CMBs in association with amyloid status, APOE ε4 copy number, and age.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study used data included in the Amyloid Biomarker Study data pooling initiative (January 1, 2012, to the present [data collection is ongoing]).

Depressive Symptoms and Amyloid Pathology.

Importance: Depressive symptoms are associated with cognitive decline in older individuals. Uncertainty about underlying mechanisms hampers diagnostic and therapeutic efforts. This large-scale study aimed to elucidate the association between depressive symptoms and amyloid pathology.

Integrating AI in fighting advancing Alzheimer: diagnosis, prevention, treatment, monitoring, mechanisms, and clinical trials.

The application of artificial intelligence (AI) in neurology is a growing field offering opportunities to improve accuracy of diagnosis and treatment of complicated neuronal disorders, plus fostering a deeper understanding of the aetiologies of these diseases through AI-based analyses of large omics data. The most common neurodegenerative disease, Alzheimer's disease (AD), is characterized by brain accumulation of specific pathological proteins, accompanied by cognitive impairment. In this review, we summarize the latest progress on the use of AI in different AD-related fields, such as analysis of neuroimaging data enabling early and accurate AD diagnosis; prediction of AD progression, identification of patients at higher risk and evaluation of new treatments; improvement of the evaluation of drug response using AI algorithms to analyze patient clinical and neuroimaging data; the development of personalized AD therapies; and the use of AI-based techniques to improve the quality of daily life of AD patients and their caregivers.

Mild behavioral impairment in early Alzheimer's disease and its association with APOE and BDNF risk genetic polymorphisms.

Background: Mild behavioral impairment (MBI) has been commonly reported in early Alzheimer's disease (AD) but rarely using biomarker-defined samples. It is also unclear whether genetic polymorphisms influence MBI in such individuals. We thus aimed to examine the association between the cognitive status of participants (amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI-AD) vs cognitively normal (CN) older adults) and MBI severity.

Defining a Centiloid scale threshold predicting long-term progression to dementia in patients attending the memory clinic: an [F] flutemetamol amyloid PET study.

Purpose: To evaluate cerebral amyloid-β(Aβ) pathology in older adults with cognitive complaints, visual assessment of PET images is approved as the routine method for image interpretation. In research studies however, Aβ-PET semi-quantitative measures are associated with greater risk of progression to dementia; but until recently, these measures lacked standardization. Therefore, the Centiloid scale, providing standardized Aβ-PET semi-quantitation, was recently validated.

Czech Brain Aging Study (CBAS): prospective multicentre cohort study on risk and protective factors for dementia in the Czech Republic.

Purpose: Identification of demographic, physical/physiological, lifestyle and genetic factors contributing to the onset of dementia, specifically Alzheimer disease (AD), and implementation of novel methods for early diagnosis are important to alleviate prevalence of dementia globally. The Czech Brain Aging Study (CBAS) is the first large, prospective study to address these issues in Central/Eastern Europe by enrolling non-demented adults aged 55+ years, collecting a variety of personal and biological measures and tracking cognitive function over time.

Participants: The CBAS recruitment was initiated in 2011 from memory clinics at Brno and Prague University Hospitals, and by the end of 2018, the study included 1228 participants.

Subjective Spatial Navigation Complaints - A Frequent Symptom Reported by Patients with Subjective Cognitive Decline, Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Great effort has been put into developing simple and feasible tools capable to detect Alzheimer's disease (AD) in its early clinical stage. Spatial navigation impairment occurs very early in AD and is detectable even in the stage of mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Objective: The aim was to describe the frequency of self-reported spatial navigation complaints in patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), amnestic and non-amnestic MCI (aMCI, naMCI) and AD dementia and to assess whether a simple questionnaire based on these complaints may be used to detect early AD.

Scopolamine disrupts place navigation in rats and humans: a translational validation of the Hidden Goal Task in the Morris water maze and a real maze for humans.

Rationale: Development of new drugs for treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) requires valid paradigms for testing their efficacy and sensitive tests validated in translational research.

Objectives: We present validation of a place-navigation task, a Hidden Goal Task (HGT) based on the Morris water maze (MWM), in comparable animal and human protocols.

Methods: We used scopolamine to model cognitive dysfunction similar to that seen in AD and donepezil, a symptomatic medication for AD, to assess its potential reversible effect on this scopolamine-induced cognitive dysfunction.

Real-space path integration is impaired in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment.

Introduction: Path integration (PI) is an important component of spatial navigation that integrates self-motion cues to allow the subject to return to a starting point. PI depends on the structures affected early in the course of Alzheimer's disease (AD) such as the medial temporal lobe and the parietal cortex.

Objectives: To assess whether PI is impaired in patients with mild AD and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and to investigate the role of the hippocampus, entorhinal and inferior parietal cortex in this association.

Calretinin and parvalbumin immunoreactive interneurons in the retrosplenial cortex of the rat brain: Qualitative and quantitative analyses.

The retrosplenial cortex (RSC) is a mesocortical region broadly involved with memory and navigation. It shares many characteristics with the perirhinal cortex (PRC), both of which appear to be significantly involved in the spreading of epileptic activity. We hypothesized that RSC possesses an interneuronal composition similar to that of PRC.

Intestinal permeability in patients with metastatic colon cancer treated with patupilone.

Background: Only a limited number of cytotoxic drugs have shown activity in metastatic colorectal carcinoma. Patupilone is a novel agent with promising activity in this common cancer. Diarrhea represents the dose-limiting toxicity of patupilone.

[Serious sepsis treatment in intensive care departments in the Czech Republic - EPOSS Project pilot results].

Introduction: Severe sepsis is still associated with significant morbidity and mortality, which is however different, as well as its management, depending on the region. What is the situation in the Czech Republic and what is the character of patients with severe sepsis is currently not known. The aim of the project is to describe the processes of care, outcome and characteristics of patients with severe sepsis admitted to the intensive care department of the Czech Republic.

Collagenolytic potential of rat liver myofibroblasts.

Rat liver myofibroblasts (MFB) were isolated by repeated passaging of nonparenchymal liver cell fraction. They were cultured on polystyrene Petri dishes, on fibrin or on type I collagen gels for 5 days. Quantitative RT-PCR, Western blotting, zymography and immunocytochemistry were used to study differences in cell morphology and protein expression.

Hypomagnesaemia in patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma treated with cetuximab.

Background/aims: Cetuximab is a chimeric antibody registered for the therapy of advanced colorectal carcinoma. Among the side-effects of cetuximab hypomagnesaemia has been described, but the information is still limited.

Methodology: We have evaluated retrospectively serum magnesium, potassium, calcium, creatinine and albumin in 51 consecutive patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma treated with cetuximab, mostly combined with irinotecan-based combination chemotherapy.

Pneumocystis pneumonia during medicamentous treatment of Cushing's syndrome--a description of two cases.

Only a few cases of pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in Cushing's syndrome have been published in the literature so far. In the majority of these patients, the pneumonia occurred after reduction of the hypercortisolism with medicamentous treatment. We report two cases of PCP during conservative treatment of hypercortisolism.

Clinical activity of patupilone in patients with pretreated advanced/metastatic colon cancer: results of a phase I dose escalation trial.

Background: New agents that are active in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer are needed. Patupilone (EPO906; epothilone B) is a novel microtubule-stabilising agent.

Methods: Patients with advanced colon cancer who progressed after prior treatment regimens received intravenous patupilone (6.

[Disturbance of synthesis of cholesterol and its precursors in clinically serious conditions].

Objective: The aim of the study was to elucidate the role and importance of hypocholesterolemia in clinically serious conditions. It was a monocentric, prospective clinical study.

Material And Methods: Two groups of patients were recruited to the study--one group were patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), who underwent miniinvasive cardiosurgical operation without extracorporeal circulatio (n = 17) and one group of patients, who sustain polytrauma (n = 19).

Biochemical and pharmacological effects of mitoxantrone and acetyl-L-carnitine in mice with a solid form of Ehrlich tumour.

Background: Dysfunction of the carnitine system in non-tumour tissue following anticancer therapy has been reported. In this setting, supplementation with carnitine derivatives might increase the general metabolic activity of normal cells so that they might better withstand the adverse effects of chemotherapy aimed at tumour cells. Here we investigated the effect of acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) alone and in combination with the antineoplastic agent mitoxantrone (MX) in an animal cancer model.

[Case report: fat embolism syndrome--grave handicap after traumatic long-bones fractures].

Embolism of fat and bone marrow tissue is quite often due to bone fractures but it is seldom with signs of systemic involvement as a fat embolism syndrome. The main forming factor is late stabilization of fractures and hypovolemia too. Clinical image of fat embolism syndrome results from lung and systemic microembolism which leads to activation of inflammatory and thrombogenic cascades.

Increased melibiose/rhamnose ratio in bile of rats with acute cholestasis.

Background And Aim: Melibiose/rhamnose permeability test is used for noninvasive intestinal mucosa barrier testing. However, the possible escape route of the absorbed saccharides through either intact or impaired blood-biliary barriers has not so far been explored. The objective of the present study was therefore two-fold: First, to describe in detail the biliary pharmacokinetics of melibiose and rhamnose in rats; second, to evaluate the changes of both sugars' pharmacokinetics upon impairment of the blood-biliary barrier by acute extrahepatic cholestasis in rats.

Gamma irradiation of human leukaemic cells HL-60 and MOLT-4 induces decrease in Mcl-1 and Bid, release of cytochrome c, and activation of caspase-8 and caspase-9.

Purpose: Apoptosis is significantly controlled by proteins of Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) family promoting cell death or maintaining cell survival. We selected two representatives of Bcl-2 family (anti-apoptotic Mcl-1 - myeloid cell line-1 and pro-apoptotic Bid - Bcl-2 homology domain 3 interacting death agonist), cytochrome c (cyt-c), and two initial caspases (-8 and -9) to evaluate their function in ionizing radiation (IR)-induced apoptosis in human leukaemic cell lines diverging in p53 (TP53 tumor suppressor gene) status.

Materials And Methods: A total of 30 microg of proteins of whole-cell lysates or 10 microg of mitochondrial protein fractions were electrophoretically separated and analyzed by Western-blotting.