Burning Mouth Syndrome Underlying Factors: A Roadmap From a Network Perspective.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between biological, psychological, and social factors underlying Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS).

Subjects And Methods: A case (n = 40) and control (n = 42) study containing 80 variables was examined using two network models based on regularized partial correlations (n = 82).

Results: The structure of the associative pathways with the BMS was revealed.

Medication related to pigmentation of oral mucosa.

Background: The diagnosis of oral melanotic lesions is, more often than not, challenging in the clinical practice due to the fact that there are several reasons which may cause an increase in pigmentation on localized or generalized areas. Among these, medication stands out.

Material And Methods: In this work, we have carried out a review in the reference pharma database: Micromedex® followed by a review of the scientific published literature to analyse coincidences and possible discrepancies.

Central sensitization in burning mouth syndrome: a practical approach using questionnaires.

Objectives: Some experts have suggested that burning mouth syndrome (BMS) should be included in the family of central sensitivity syndromes, a group of similar medical disorders linked by the central sensitization (CS) mechanism. Our objective is to assess the presence of CS in patients with BMS by performing a clinical examination and administering questionnaires to measure the generalized extent of pain, the presence of associated symptoms, and the number of other concurrent chronic pain conditions.

Study Design: We conducted a case-control study in 82 subjects (40 patients with BMS and 42 controls).

Oral and dental health status in patients with eating disorders in Madrid, Spain.

Background: The aim of the present study was to describe and compare the oral and dental health status of two groups, one diagnosed with eating disorders (EDs), and another group without this pathology, assessing the following oral manifestations: dental alterations, periodontal disorders, soft tissue disorders, non-stimulated salivary flow, and oral pH.

Material And Methods: This comparative transversal epidemiological study included 179 participants, of whom 59 were diagnosed with EDs (Eating Disorder Group: EDG) and 120 had no antecedents of EDs (No Eating Disorder Group: NEDG). All patients fulfilled the following inclusion criteria: women aged over 18 years, diagnosed with an ED by a specialist, patients who had undergone at least 1 year monitoring by the Clinical Nutrition Unit, and had not received any periodontal treatment during the previous 6 months.

Prevalence of oral side effects of chemotherapy and its relationship with periodontal risk: a cross sectional study.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of professionally reported oral side effects of chemotherapy and the self-reported oral side effects and whether both prevalences could be related to the periodontal risk of the patients.

Methods: A cross-sectional study with patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment was carried out. Demographic, oral hygiene habits, and cancer-related data were collected while the patient was receiving the chemotherapy infusion.

The pattern of lip cancer occurrence over the 1990-2011 period in public hospitals in Madrid, Spain.

Background: Some regions of Spain along with Canada and Australia have the highest rates of lip cancer in the world. The objective of this study was to examine the trends in the pattern of occurrence of lip cancer in Madrid, Spain.

Methods: Data were extracted from the Central Tumour Registry of Madrid, between 1990 and 2011.

Ability of Dental Students in Spain to Identify Potentially Malignant Disorders and Oral Cancer.

The aim of this study was to assess the ability of students at the School of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain, to diagnose oral cancer and other potentially malignant disorders, as well as to compare their ability at different stages of the learning process and evaluate their knowledge retention. Students were surveyed after they had studied oral medicine and oral pathology at two time points: midway through and near the end of their studies. The survey consisted of questions about 40 photographs of benign oral lesions, malignant oral lesions, and potentially malignant disorders.

Alpha lipoic acid efficacy in burning mouth syndrome. A controlled clinical trial.

Background: A double-blind placebo-controlled trial was conducted in order to evaluate the efficacy of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) and determine the statistical significance of the outcome variables. Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is defined as an oral burning sensation in the absence of clinical signs which could justify the syndrome. Recent studies suggest the existence of neurological factors as a possible cause of the disease.

Descriptive study of the patients treated at the clinic "integrated dentistry for patients with special needs" at Complutense University of Madrid (2003-2012).

Objectives: To study clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the patients treated at the clinic "Integrated Dentistry for Patients with Special Needs (Special Care Dentistry)" at Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), as well as to know the dental treatments performed in these patients and the modifications from the usual treatment protocol. The information obtained from the results could also be applied in order to assess the needs of dental students education about this type of patients.

Study Design: Medical records review of all the patients referred to the clinic of "Integrated dentistry for patients with special needs", performing a retrospective cross-sectional study analyzing their main pathology, ASA risk score (Classification system used by the American Society of Anesthesiologists to estimate the risk posed by the anesthesia for various patient conditions), pharmacological treatment, what kind of dental treatment was necessary, whether the patient was treated or not, and if it was required to change any procedure due to the patient health status (sedation or antibiotic prophylaxis).

Diagnostic criteria in proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: evaluation.

Objectives: to evaluate the ability of the diagnostic criteria proposed by Cerero et al in 2010 to perform an early diagnose in patients with proliferative verrucous leukoplakia.

Study Design: retrospective study with patients diagnosed with leukoplakia at Oral Medicine Service at Oral Medicine and Surgery Department at Dentistry Faculty at Universidad Complutense of Madrid.

Results: the criteria were applied in 116 patients, turning positive in 40 cases.

Simulation for training in oral cancer biopsy: a surgical model and feedback from GDPs.

Objectives: To describe a new bench model for oral precancer/cancer biopsy training and to assess its effectiveness in terms of trainees' perception.

Study Design: Cross-sectional, descriptive, performed on 424 general dental practitioners (GDP) who undertook biopsies on a pig tongue. The participants were assessed by direct observation for 2.

The use of toluidine blue in the detection of pre-malignant and malignant oral lesions.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the toluidine blue (TB) test as a diagnostic tool in the detection of malignant and dysplastic lesions of the oral cavity. This study was carried out because of a lack of consensus among different authors on the utility of TB, as well as to determine useful adjuncts to detect oral pre-cancer and cancer.

Materials And Methods: The study included 160 patients with oral mucosal disorders that included suspicious or malignant lesions detected at clinical visual examination, confirmed by histopathological evaluation.

Case report of necrotizing sialometaplasia.

Introduction: Necrotizing sialometaplasia is a rare inflammatory necrotizing reactive process that can involve minor and major salivary glands. Gland tissue ischaemia has been proposed as the aetiology.

Case Report: A 21-year-old woman was referred with a 1-week history of bilateral painful swelling of the palate, with the development of two deep ulcers after the first 3 days.

Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: a proposal for diagnostic criteria.

Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) is a rare form of oral leukoplakia, which was first described in 1985 by Hansen et al. Since then, various published case series have presented PVL as a disease with aggressive biological behaviour due to its high probability of recurrence and a high rate of malignant transformation, usually higher than 70%. PVL is a long-term progressive condition, which is observed more frequently in women and elderly patients over 60 years at the time of diagnosis.

Genotypic determination by PCR-RFLP of human papillomavirus in normal oral mucosa, oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma samples in Madrid (Spain).

Background: Human papillomaviruses (HPVs), especially genotypes 16 and 18, are considered to be human carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). They are the most important etiological agents of uterine cervix cancer but their true role in oral carcinogenesis is controversial.

Objectives: To detect the presence of HPV genome genotypes in oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and analyze their relationship with clinicopathological variables.

Oral and facial piercing: associated complications and clinical repercussion.

Objectives: To investigate the complications of oral and facial piercing and its frequency in an extensive series of cases.

Method And Materials: A sample of 2,266 consecutive patients requiring dental care over a period of 1 year was included in this cross-sectional observational study. A total of 83 piercing wearers were identified.

Implications of prion diseases for dentistry: an update.

Prions are normal proteins present in all mammals, especially in the central nervous system (CNS) and lymphoreticular tissue. Their transformation into a highly infectious molecule gives rise to a group of diseases known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), which cause vacuolar degeneration of gray matter and produce a fatal neurodegenerative disorder. Prion diseases have attracted considerable attention in recent years, and this review of the literature was designed to determine their implications for dentistry, studying the possibility of cross-transmission in the dental office and describing their oral manifestations.

In vitro study of the adherence of Candida albicans to acrylic resins: relationship to surface energy.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine whether small variations in the composition of the polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) of widely used dentures produce differences in the degree of Candida albicans adherence and to relate any differences found to the surface energy of the resins, which appears to play a major role in the initial phases of microorganism adhesion.

Materials And Methods: A reference strain of C albicans (18.804 ATCC) and 11 different PMMAs (Vacalon, Inkotherm 85, Veracril, Probase Cold, Inkotherm Press, Inkotherm 85 T, Ruthinium, Vertex, SR Ivocap, Idoacryl, Lucitone) were used.

Alcohol-containing mouthwashes and oral cancer. Critical analysis of literature.

For centuries, mouthwashes have been used in order to provide us with oral health or cosmetic benefits. Nowadays, in most countries, there is a variety of formulas available for the general public in the form of products which may require prescription or not. Alcohol is used in mouthwashes as a solvent of other ingredients and as a preservative of the preparation.

Effects of the consumption of alcohol in the oral cavity: relationship with oral cancer.

In an epidemiologic point of view the consumption of alcoholic beverages is found to be associated to an increased risk for developing an upper gastrointestinal tract cancer. The relation of the studies that establish this connection is complicated due to both the confluence of various risk factors within the same person such as alcohol and tobacco, and to the lack of data that can be verifiable by the clinician. For this reason the exact pathogenic mechanism responsible for this increase of risk is not known since ethanol per se was not confirmed to be carcinogenic.

Dental management of patients with human immunodeficiency virus.

The demand for dental treatment by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals is rising. Some professionals are still reluctant to treat these patients, despite the extremely low likelihood of professional transmission, which increases only in patients with a very elevated viral load. The complications rate after dental intervention is very low, even in patients with considerable immunologic deterioration.

Corticoids: their use in the pathology of the oral mucosa.

The etiology of a great number of processes that affect the oral mucosa is yet quite unclear. It is generally known that many of them develop into a chronic and unspecific inflammatory process, occasionally of possible immunologic cause. Treatment therefore is not aimed on their cause but on their symptoms.

Progressive bulbar palsy: a case report diagnosed by lingual symptoms.

The aim of this report is to show a case of Progressive Bulbar Palsy (PBP), diagnosed by oral medicine specialists, from oral symptoms of the disease. We have found no more than two published cases of PBP diagnosed by lingual alterations. We have followed the patient for almost four years, which is remarkable considering that the normal survival period for these patients is up to three years.

Risk of oral cancer associated with tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption and oral hygiene: a case-control study in Madrid, Spain.

Oral cancer is a disease whose principal etiological factors are tobacco and alcohol consumption, which if controlled could help avoid many tumors. However, consumption has continued to grow for years. We have studied the risk of the principal factors established in the development of oral cancer and the influence of the oral hygiene level on the appearance of these tumors.