Milk ladder: Who? When? How? Where? with the lowest risk of reaction.

The milk ladder (ML) approach, which is the gradual reintroduction of the milk allergen from the least allergenic forms to the most allergenic forms into the diet of the patients, has been utilized mostly in non-IgE-mediated but in some countries also in IgE-mediated-CMPA due to its possible benefits which include nutrition, quality of life and tolerance induction. Despite increasing interest, so far, there is no guideline on ML; thus, the use of this approach shows discrepancies among healthcare professionals as many factors such as dietary habits, patient history, test results, workload, and facilities of the hospitals, the anxiety of the parents/patients may affect the decision on how, when, where and whom to use ML. Here, we reviewed current data on implementing the ML, suggested a 4-step ML including receipts and amounts, and shared our experience on optimal patient selection, appropriate time and steps for initiating ML, and time intervals between the steps targeting the lowest risk of reaction.

The relationship between dietary elimination and maternal psychopathology in breastfeeding mothers of infants with food allergy.

Background: There has been no study evaluating the psychopathology in breastfeeding mothers of infants with food allergy (FA).

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between dietary elimination and maternal psychopathology, specifically anxiety, depression, and mother-to-infant bonding, in breastfeeding mothers of infants with food allergy.

Methods: Breastfeeding mothers following an elimination diet due to FA in their children aged 1-to-12 months were compared with the healthy controls.

Parvovirus Infection in a Child Presenting with Erythema Multiforme and Vasculitis after a Yellow Jacket Bee Sting.

Parvovirus B19 has a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. Erythema multiforme and vasculitis are rarely reported with parvovirus B19 infections. Reactions to insect stings can range from local swelling to life-threatening systemic reactions.

Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of Patients with Food Allergy: Single-Center Experience.

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the clinical and laboratory features of the patients diagnosed with food allergy who applied to the pediatric allergy outpatient clinic.

Methods: This study was performed between March 2016 and December 2017 as a cross-sectional observational study. The files of 90 patients with food allergy were evaluated retrospectively.

Assessment of regular drug use and inhaler technique skills in asthmatic children.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the regular use of long-term asthma-control medication and to determine inhaler techniques in asthmatic children.

Methods: The study was conducted on asthmatic children aged 6-18 years. Information on rescue and controller medications was given and the proper inhalation technique was demonstrated.

The value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) parameters in analysis with fetal malnutrition neonates.

Objective To assess the association between fetal malnutrition (FM) and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in singleton term appropriate for gestational age (AGA) neonates. Methods This cross-sectional observational study was performed with 4340 singleton, term AGA neonates without perinatal disease over a two-year period. Results A total of 4320 neonates were evaluated in this study.

Effect of Neonatal Phototherapy on Eosinophil Levels in Nonsevere Hyperbilirubinemia.

Objective: The purpose of the research was to determine the impact of phototherapy (PT) on eosinophil levels in neonates with nonsevere bilirubin levels (<20 mg/dL) treated with PT.

Study Design: This observational pilot study included term neonates with early neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.

Results: Ninety-six term neonates were included in the study.

Evaluation of the Knowledge of Cow's Milk Allergy among Pediatricians.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the level of knowledge of pediatric residents and practicing pediatricians about cow's milk allergy (CMA) and to evaluate the effect of occupational education.

Methods: Pediatric residents and pediatricians were included in the study. A survey about CMA was administered to the participants before and after occupational training.

The Value of Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio for Detecting Early-onset Neonatal Sepsis.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between neonate early-onset sepsis (EOS) and the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) of term neonates.

Materials And Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted with term neonates diagnosed with EOS compared with 44 healthy controls. Exclusion criteria were prematurity, postmaturity, small or large for gestational age according to week of pregnancy, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, chorioamnionitis, congenital major anomalies, and cyanotic congenital heart disease.

Early diagnosis of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) in Turkey: a pilot study.

Objective: Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a neonatal emergency. As the T-cell receptor excision circles (TREC) test is not cost effective for neonatal screening of SCID in developing countries, this pilot study's objective aimed at identifying preliminary data to enable SCID identification in the general population.

Methods: This observational study was performed in Bagcılar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.

Oxcarbazepine-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome: a pediatric case report.

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis are two rare but life-threatening diseases characterized by detachment of epidermis, bullous skin lesions and mucous membrane erosions. Anti-epileptic drugs are highly suspected to be the causative agents. Although carbamazepine (CBZ) is the most associated anti-epileptic drug, oxcarbazepine (OXC), which is a monohydrated derivative of CBZ, is proposed to be safer because of the different metabolism of the two drugs.

Lack of Association Between Toll-like Receptor 2 Polymorphisms (R753Q and A-16934T) and Atopic Dermatitis in Children from Thrace Region of Turkey.

Background: Atopic dermatitis is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease. A complex interaction of both genetic and environmental factors is thought to contribute to the disease.

Aims: To evaluate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms in the TLR2 gene c.

Comparison of recombinant human erythropoietin and darbepoetin alpha in children.

Background: The aim was to compare the clinical efficacy of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) and darbepoetin alpha (DA) in the treatment of anemia in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Method: Thirty-four (13 female, 21 male) CKD patients were enrolled in the study. Mean age was 11.

Prediction of morbidity and mortality after percutaneous nephrolithotomy by using the Charlson Comorbidity Index.

Objectives: To determine whether the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) predicts postoperative medical complications and death in patients treated with percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).

Methods: A total of 1406 PCNL procedures were performed at 4-stone referral centers between September 2004 and March 2011 were reviewed in this multicenter study. Variables included patient and stone characteristics, preoperative comorbidities, intraoperative data, and postoperative complications, including mortality.

Retrograde intrarenal surgery versus percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the management of lower-pole renal stones with a diameter of 15 to 20 mm.

Purpose: To compare the outcomes of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) for 15 to 20 mm lower-pole (LP) renal calculi by evaluating stone-free rates and associated complications.

Patients And Methods: The records of 79 patients who underwent either PCNL (n=42) or RIRS (n=37) by standard techniques for 15 to 20 mm LP renal calculi were reviewed retrospectively.

Results: In the PCNL group, the stone-free rate was 92.