Effects of Cognitive-Motor and Motor-Motor Dual Tasks on Gait Performance in Older Adults with Sarcopenia.

Background: With the advent of global aging, the health of the older population has become a critical public health challenge. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dual-tasking on gait performance in patients with sarcopenia.

Methods: Thirty participants with sarcopenia (age: 70.

Nutritional Intervention Improves Muscle Mass and Physical Performance in the Elderly in the Community: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Nutritional supplements have been extensively used as health interventions for the elderly. However, with the spread of COVID-19, no consensus exists on whether nutritional interventions could improve muscle mass and physical activity in community-dwelling older adults. To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the effects of different nutritional interventions on muscle mass and physical performance in the elderly, we searched , , , and databases from their founding dates to December 2023.

Effects of Multi-Task Mode on Cognition and Lower Limb Function in Frail Older Adults: A Systematic Search and Review.

The application of multi-tasking (MT), especially dual-tasking (DT), in frail older adults is currently gaining attention. The aim was to review the application of the MT mode on cognition and lower limb function in frail older adults, including the MT test and MT training. By searching five electronic databases, Scopus, PubMed, PEDro, Web of Science and the Chinese electronic database, a total of 18 studies were finally included in this study, with 7 articles on MT testing and 11 articles on MT training.

Identification of runner fatigue stages based on inertial sensors and deep learning.

Running is one of the most popular sports in the world, but it also increases the risk of injury. The purpose of this study was to establish a modeling approach for IMU-based subdivided action pattern evaluation and to investigate the classification performance of different deep models for predicting running fatigue. Nineteen healthy male runners were recruited for this study, and the raw time series data were recorded during the pre-fatigue, mid-fatigue, and post-fatigue states during running to construct a running fatigue dataset based on multiple IMUs.

Exercise Regulates Myokines in Aging-Related Diseases through Muscle-Brain Crosstalk.

Background: The related functions of skeletal muscle and brain decrease significantly with age, and muscle-brain-related diseases are primarily associated with each other. Exercise can promote the secretion of myokines in skeletal muscle, showing a beneficial effect on the function of both, reflecting muscle-brain crosstalk. However, the key mechanism of action of exercise-regulated myokines in muscle-brain diseases remains unclear.

Effect of Target Semantic Consistency in Different Sequence Positions and Processing Modes on T2 Recognition: Integration and Suppression Based on Cross-Modal Processing.

In the rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) paradigm, sound affects participants' recognition of targets. Although many studies have shown that sound improves cross-modal processing, researchers have not yet explored the effects of sound semantic information with respect to different locations and processing modalities after removing sound saliency. In this study, the RSVP paradigm was used to investigate the difference between attention under conditions of consistent and inconsistent semantics with the target (Experiment 1), as well as the difference between top-down (Experiment 2) and bottom-up processing (Experiment 3) for sounds with consistent semantics with target 2 (T2) at different sequence locations after removing sound saliency.

Myokine, a key cytokine for physical exercise to alleviate sarcopenic obesity.

Skeletal muscle has a robust endocrine function as a powerful organ and can secrete and release cytokines or polypeptides known as myokines. These myokines have significant regulatory effects on signal transduction in skeletal muscle and the metabolism of peripheral tissues and organs and exert biological effects via autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine forms. Obesity and aging cause myokine secretion dysregulation, and hastening sarcopenic obesity (SO) development.

Effects of perceptual-cognitive tasks on inter-joint coordination of soccer players and ordinary college students.

Perceptual-cognitive tasks play a pivotal role in performing voluntary movements, which is crucial for good performances among soccer players. This study explored the effect of perceptual-cognitive tasks on the inter-joint coordination of soccer players and college students during landing. The classic multiple objective tracking (MOT) task was used to simulate the perceptual-cognitive task under a sports environment.

A Preclinical Systematic Review of the Effects of Chronic Exercise on Autophagy-Related Proteins in Aging Skeletal Muscle.

Exercise is one of the most effective interventions for preventing and treating skeletal muscle aging. Exercise-induced autophagy is widely acknowledged to regulate skeletal muscle mass and delay skeletal muscle aging. However, the mechanisms underlying of the effect of different exercises on autophagy in aging skeletal muscle remain unclear.

Perceptual-Cognitive Tasks Affect Landing Performance of Soccer Players at Different Levels of Fatigue.

Background: There is a possible interaction between the underlying mechanisms of perceptual-cognitive tasks and motor control. For example, landing biomechanics changed during perceptual-cognitive tasks undertaken at different levels of fatigue of the athlete. Thus, this study explored the effect of perception-cognitive tasks interventions on male soccer players' landing mechanisms at different levels of fatigue.

Research on Knee Joint Load and Influencing Factors of Typical Tai Chi Movements.

Background: Tai chi is recognized worldwide for its rehabilitation abilities and healthcare benefits. However, in recent years, some movements associated with tai chi have been shown to damage the lower limb joints. The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the effects of different movements, postures, center of mass (COM) movements, and range of knee movement of tai chi exercises on knee joint load.

The effects of visual cognitive tasks on landing stability and lower extremity injury risk in high-level soccer players.

Background: Visual cognition plays a pivotal role in sports. It is widely recognized that there is an intriguing coupling that they could affect each other through interaction between visual cognition and motor control, but few studies linked the effects of visual cognitive tasks on landing stability to postural control and injury risk.

Research Question: Whether visual cognitive tasks affect the landing stability and lower limb injury risk of professional soccer players?

Methods: The current study used a three-dimensional Multiple Object Tracking (MOT) task to simulate visual cognitive difficulties experienced in soccer matches.

Exercise-Induced Benefits for Alzheimer's Disease by Stimulating Mitophagy and Improving Mitochondrial Function.

Neurons are highly specialized post-mitotic cells that are inherently dependent on mitochondria due to their higher bioenergetic demand. Mitochondrial dysfunction is closely associated with a variety of aging-related neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the accumulation of dysfunctional and superfluous mitochondria has been reported as an early stage that significantly facilitates the progression of AD. Mitochondrial damage causes bioenergetic deficiency, intracellular calcium imbalance and oxidative stress, thereby aggravating β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation and Tau hyperphosphorylation, and further leading to cognitive decline and memory loss.

The effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine-based exercise on physical performance, balance and muscle strength among older adults: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

Background: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) based exercises have been widely used in the prevention and treatment of balance, cardiopulmonary, and other related diseases in older adults. However, there seems to be no consensus on the improvement and comparison of physical performance, balance, and muscle strength in the elderly population.

Objectives: To systematically examine the impact of different TCM-based exercises on physical performance, balance, and muscle strength outcomes in the elderly.

Effects of Attentional Control on Gait and Inter-Joint Coordination During Dual-Task Walking.

In the process of walking, attentional resources are flexibly allocated to deal with varying environmental constraints correlated with attentional control (AC). A dual-task paradigm was used to investigate the effects of AC on gait and inter-joint coordination. Fifty students volunteered to participate in this study.

Lifelong Aerobic Exercise Alleviates Sarcopenia by Activating Autophagy and Inhibiting Protein Degradation via the AMPK/PGC-1α Signaling Pathway.

Sarcopenia is an aging-induced syndrome characterized by a progressive reduction of skeletal muscle mass and strength. Increasing evidence has attested that appropriate and scientific exercise could induce autophagy or optimize the functional status of autophagy, which plays a critical role in senescent muscular dystrophy. As a publicly recognized strategy for extending lifespan and improving the health of the elderly, the underlying mechanisms of lifelong regular aerobic exercise for the prevention of sarcopenia have not been fully elucidated.

[Regulatory roles of microRNAs in sarcopenia and exercise intervention].

Sarcopenia is an age-related degenerative disease, in which skeletal muscle mass and function are reduced during aging process. Physical intervention is one of the most effective strategies available for the treatment of sarcopenia. Studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs), as important regulators of gene expression, play an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of senescent skeletal muscle cells by regulating skeletal muscle cell development (proliferation and differentiation), mitochondrial biogenesis, protein synthesis and degradation, inflammatory response and metabolic pathways.

Tai Chi Chuan for Subjective Sleep Quality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: This review aims to investigate the efficacy of Tai Chi Chuan on subjective sleep quality among adults.

Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), and the Wanfang Database from their inception to August 2019 and identified 25 eligible studies that were published in both English and Chinese.

Results: 24 out of 25 studies were identified to be high-quality studies according to the PEDro scale.

Prevalence of osteoporosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Chinese mainland: A protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Osteoporosis, as a metabolic disease, has become one of the most rapidly growing complications of diabetes mellitus. Previously, we conducted a systematic review to report the estimated prevalence of osteoporosis among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) from 2001 to 2016. However, some newer studies have been reported, and more potential risk factors for osteoporosis remain controversial and vague.

Tai Chi exercise for sleep problems in older adults: A protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Sleep plays a crucial role in the general health of the human body. However, sleep problems become increasingly severe with age, and its incidence is on the rise. Notably, Tai Chi exercise may be an efficacious means to ameliorate sleep problems among older adults.

Prevalence of Osteoporosis in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Chinese Mainland: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Some studies have investigated the prevalence of osteoporosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in China. However, the results were inconsistent. This review was performed to estimate the prevalence of osteoporosis in T2DM patients in the Chinese mainland and to characterize its epidemiology.