High Mobility Group Box 1 Levels as an Inflammatory Mediator in Bipolar Mania.

Introduction: High mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) is a member of the molecular family known as damage-associated molecular patterns, which is implicated to have a role in neuroinflammation processes. In recent years, a growing number of studies have focused on the role of inflammation in Bipolar Disorder (BD). This study aimed to investigate the serum levels of HMGB1 and other inflammatory markers in patients with bipolar manic episodes compared to those in healthy controls (HC).

Detecting biomarkers associated with antipsychotic-induced extrapyramidal syndromes by using machine learning techniques.

Background: Antipsychotic-associated extrapyramidal syndromes (EPS) are a common side effect that may result in discontinuation of treatment. Although some clinical features of individuals who develop specific EPSs are well defined, no specific laboratory parameter has been identified to predict the risk of developing EPS.

Methods: Three hundred and ninety hospitalizations of patients under antipsychotic medication were evaluated.

The Attitude of Turkish Physicians Toward COVID-19 Vaccination and the Effects of Vaccination on Their Mental Health.

Background: The study aims to investigate the willingness of physicians for the coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination, factors contributing to their attitude, and the effects of vaccination on their mental health. It is conducted online with physicians between February 17 and March 17, 2021, corresponding to a period of at least 1 month after the first dosage.

Methods: Sociodemographic and professional characteristics are investigated along with coronavirus disease 2019 experiences.

The relation between ankle morphology and osteochondritis dissecans of talus.

The purpose of this study is to describe, if there is, any relation between ankle morphology and development of talus osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) using certain morphological parameters derived from high resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Study included a total of 93 patients: 26 patients with traumatic medial talus OCD, 30 patients with idiopathic medial talus OCD and 37 patients with normal ankle as the control group. Five MRI morphological parameters (Maximal Tibial Thickness (MTiTh), Malleolar Width (MalW), Length of Trochlea Tali Arc (TaL), Height of Trochlea Tali Arc (TaH) and Angle of Trochlea Tali Inclination (TaIA)) that are expected to be relevant to talus OCD formation are measured and compared for the three groups.

The evaluation of dorsogluteal and ventrogluteal injection sites: a cadaver study.

Aims And Objectives: The aim of this study is to measure the thickness of the muscles in the dorsogluteal and the ventrogluteal injection sites and to determine which injection site is farther away from the neurovascular structures.

Background: Although the dorsogluteal region is frequently used for intramuscular injections, the ventrogluteal region is suggested as a more secure injection site due to its distance to the neurovascular structures. However, there are no measurements regarding the distances of these structures.

Accuracy of Ultrasound-Guided Genicular Nerve Block: A Cadaveric Study.

Background: Genicular nerve block has recently emerged as a novel alternative treatment in chronic knee pain. The needle placement for genicular nerve injection is made under fluoroscopic guidance with reference to bony landmarks.

Objective: To investigate the anatomic landmarks for medial genicular nerve branches and to determine the accuracy of ultrasound-guided genicular nerve block in a cadaveric model.

A morphometric analysis of the superior cervical ganglion and its surrounding structures.

Purpose: The aim of this cadaveric study was to detect the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) in a topographic manner according to vertebrae and to determine the relationship between the vertebrae, mandibular angle and longus colli muscle through morphometric analysis.

Methods: The present study was performed on 40 SCG of 20 human cadavers (16 males, 4 females). The level of the SCG was determined based on the vertebrae.

Accuracy of virtual models in the assessment of maxillary defects.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the reliability of measurements performed on three-dimensional (3D) virtual models of maxillary defects obtained using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and 3D optical scanning.

Materials And Methods: Mechanical cavities simulating maxillary defects were prepared on the hard palate of nine cadavers. Images were obtained using a CBCT unit at three different fields-of-views (FOVs) and voxel sizes: 1) 60×60 mm FOV, 0.

Histological structure of the medial and lateral walls of cavernous sinus in human fetuses.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to elucidate the architecture of these fine structures in human fetuses.

Methods: The histological examination of medial wall (MW) and lateral wall (LW) was performed in 15 normal human fetuses. Eleven fetuses were female and four were male.

Measures of ventricles and evans' index: from neonate to adolescent.

Ventricle sizes are important for the early diagnosis of hydrocephalus or for follow-up after ventriculostomy. Diameters of ventricles may change, especially in childhood. This study aims to provide normative data about ventricle diameters.

Measures of pituitary gland and stalk: from neonate to adolescence.

Objective: The aim of this study is to provide normative data about pituitary diameters in a pediatric population. Pituitary imaging is important for the evaluation of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis defect. However, data about normal pituitary gland diameters and stalk are limited, especially in children.

Assessment of the lateral pterygoid plate fractures during Le Fort I osteotomies regarding the angulation of the osteotome.

AIM. This study aimed to clarify the relation between the angulation of the curved osteotome and fracture of the pterygoid plate during Le Fort I osteotomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS.

The course of the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve in adult cadavers. An anatomic study.

Objective: To observe the course of the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve (MMBFN) and its relation to the inferior border of the mandible and facial vessels.

Methods: This cadaveric study was conducted at the Department of Anatomy, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey from April to September 2012. The 44 facial halves of 22 adult cadavers were dissected under a stereomicroscope.

Ilizarov external fixation without removal of plate or screws: effect on hypertrophic and oligotrophic nonunion of the femoral shaft with plate failure.

Patients with hypertrophic and oligotrophic nonunion of the femoral diaphysis associated with plate failure can be treated by Ilizarov external fixation without plate removal. Advantages of this technique include a lack of damage to the blood supply and simultaneous deformity correction.

Location of the abducent nerve within the cavernous sinus.

Aim: Knowing the distance between the superior and inferior border of Parkinson's triangle and the location of the abducent nerve within the cavernous sinus is important to decrease the complications which may occur during surgery. We aimed to investigate the cavernous sinus to decrease the complications that may occur during surgery to this area.

Material And Methods: Fifty MRIs without pituitary gland abnormality were chosen for radiological assessment of CS.

Nerve damage assessment following implant placement in human cadaver jaws: an ex vivo comparative study.

The present study compared the use of cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) images and intra-oral radiographs in the placement of final implant drills in terms of nerve damage to cadaver mandibles. Twelve cadaver hemimandibles obtained from 6 cadavers were used. Right hemimandibles were imaged using peri-apical radiography and left hemimandibles using CBCT, and the images obtained were used in treatment planning for the placement of implant drills (22 for each modality, for a total of 44 final drills).

Horizontal migration of pre- and postnatal mental foramen: an anatomic study.

Objective: To evaluate the horizontal migration of the human mental foramen before and after birth.

Methods: 54 formalin-fixed fetuses between 17 and 32 weeks of gestation, and 94 panoramic radiographs of children aged between 4 and 12 years were investigated. The distances between the mental foramen and mental symphysis, and the distances between the posterior border of the mandibular ramus and mental foramen were determined according to development periods.

Evaluating the correlation between the lateral pterygoid muscle attachment type and internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint with an emphasis on MR imaging findings.

Objectives: Disc displacement is accepted as one of major findings in temporomandibular disorders. Correlation between lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) attachment type to the disc-condyle complex and TMJ dysfunction has rarely been discussed and still not clarified. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence LPM attachment type to the disc-condyle complex, and to investigate whether these attachment types are linked to MR imaging findings of ID and TMJ dysfunction in a Turkish population.

Marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve in human fetuses.

Objective: To observe the course of the marginal mandibular branch (MMB) and its relation to the inferior border of the mandible and facial vessels.

Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey from February 2009 to April 2010. The 44 hemi-face specimens of 22 fetuses were selected for this study, and dissected under a stereomicroscope.

The effects of amlodipine on the biochemical and histopathological changes in the rabbit ileum subjected to ischemia-reperfusion.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the potential, protective effects of amlodipine in an experimental, ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) model in the rabbit small intestine.

Materials And Methods: The rabbits were divided into four groups: sham-operated, amlodipine (10 mg/kg) + sham-operated, I/R, and I/R + amlodipine (10 mg/kg) groups. An intestinal I/R model was applied to the rabbits.

An Assessment of the Relationship between the Maxillary Sinus Floor and the Maxillary Posterior Teeth Root Tips Using Dental Cone-beam Computerized Tomography.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between the maxillary sinus floor and the maxillary posterior teeth root tips using dental cone-beam CT.

Methods: A total of 87 right and 89 left maxillary sinus regions from 92 patients were examined using dental cone-beam CT. Images were analyzed by a specialist in oral and maxillofacial radiology.