Small Bowel Video Capsule Endoscopy Guidance in Practice: Expert Opinion Report.

Capsule endoscopy, in clinical use since the 2000s, has disrupted the diagnosis of various small bowel diseases, especially obscuregastrointestinal bleeding. An overview of information on indications, contraindications, patient management, and patient preparationfor capsule endoscopy, which allows the evaluation of the entire gastrointestinal tract, will be helpful for both referrers and capsuleendoscopy. This review critically considers current evidence on the optimal clinical use of capsule endoscopy and addresses areas in the "gray zone.

Transient elastography of liver: Could it be a guide for diagnosis and management strategy in hepatic veno-occlusive disease (sinusoidal obstruction syndrome)?

Hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD), also termed sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS), is a rare and life threatening complication of hematopoetic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Many conditions can mimic the clinical signs of VOD/SOS. Differential diagnosis and diagnosis of the disease at an early stage is important, since the severe form of the disease has higher mortality rates and early-initiated specific treatment has better response rates.

The use of Ankaferd in diverticular bleeding: two case reports.

Bleeding from colonic diverticula is the most common cause of acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Using epinephrine injection, heater probe or bipolar coagulation, endoclips and endoscopic band ligation all have been shown in small case series to achievehemostasis. In the present two cases, we evaluated the effectiveness of Ankaferd Blood Stopper in colonic diverticular hemorrhage.

Route selection for double balloon enteroscopy in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding: experience from a single center.

Background/aims: This study was performed to clarify the best insertion route of double-balloon enteroscopy and to report the characteristics and proportions of small bowel pathologies detected by double-balloon enteroscopy in our patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding.

Materials And Methods: Between January 2006 and December 2009, 75 patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding were enrolled into this study. The procedure was performed by oral route in 60 patients, anal route in 5 patients and both in 10 patients.

Double-balloon enteroscopy: the diagnosis and management of small bowel diseases.

Background/aims: Double-balloon enteroscopy is a novel endoscopic technique developed to investigate small bowel diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic impact of double-balloon enteroscopy in patients with suspected or documented small bowel disease who were referred to our tertiary center, which was the first to introduce the double-balloon enteroscopy system in Turkey.

Methods: This is a single-center prospective study.

Is propofol sedation with midazolam induction safe during endoscopic procedures without anesthesiologist?

Background/aims: Sedation is important for the success and quality of endoscopy. We aimed to evaluate the safety of propofol during the endoscopy under supervision of a gastroenterologist without an anesthesiologist.

Methodology: All propofol using endoscopic procedures between January 2004 and December 2008 were evaluated retrospectively.

Severe odynophagia in a patient developing after azithromycin intake: a case report.

Introduction: Drug-induced esophageal ulcers most commonly cause heartburn, midsternal pain and dysphagia. In our clinic azithromycin is a relative widely used antibiotic for respiratory tract infections and otitis media because of its activity against Haemophilus influenzae and atypical pathogens, and its ease of administration. After a thorough search in Pubmed the present case is the first one to report azithromycin-induced esophageal ulcer and associated symptoms in the literature.

Post-procedure elevated amylase and lipase levels after double-balloon enteroscopy: relations with the double-balloon technique.

Background: Small elevations of pancreatic enzymes are recently recognized complications of double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE).

Aims: The aim of this study was to check the post-procedure pancreatic enzyme (p-amylase, lipase) levels and to disclose their relationships with technical features of DBE.

Methods: Peroral (48) and peranal (8) DBEs were performed in 56 patients, and the p-amylase and lipase levels were measured just before and after the procedure.

Effect of N-acetylcysteine on blood and tissue lipid peroxidation in lipopolysaccharide-induced obstructive jaundice.

In obstructive jaundice, free radical production is increased and antioxidative activity is reduced. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) has a beneficial effect with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, acting as a free radical scavenger. NAC inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase, suppresses cytokine expression/release, and inhibits adhesion molecule expression and nuclear factor kappa B.

The effect of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine therapy in chronic hepatitis B infection.

Background/aims: Immune-modulator and antiviral treatments for carriers of hepatitis B virus are known to have poor efficacy with a high cost and frequent side effects, which has led to investigation of new treatment modalities. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B (HBV DNA >5 pg/ml, ALT>60) infection diagnosed histopathologically and asymptomatic carriers (HBV DNA<5 pg/ml, ALT <40, Anti Hbe positive) of the virus.

Methods: The vaccine (Gen Hevac B Pasteur) was administered at baseline and at months one and six to patients with chronic hepatitis and asymptomatic carriers.

Association of the -1438 G/A and 102 T/C polymorphism of the 5-Ht2A receptor gene with irritable bowel syndrome 5-Ht2A gene polymorphism in irritable bowel syndrome.

Goals: The aim of this study is to investigate whether there were any association between the 102 T/C and -1438 G/A polymorphisms of the 5-HT2A receptor gene and IBS, and abdominal pain, anxiety and depression.

Background: Genes involved in serotonin (5-HT) metabolism are good candidates for the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Recently, a silent polymorphism in the 5-HT2A receptor gene was identified that is defined by a T to C transition at position 102.

Polycythemia vera and pregnancy: a case report with the use of hydroxyurea in the first trimester.

Polycythemia vera (PV) is rarely associated with pregnancy. A 34-year-old patient treated with hydroxyurea for PV became pregnant and was referred to our clinic. At the patient's request, pregnancy was continued.

The effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on liver and renal tissue inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and tissue lipid peroxidation in obstructive jaundice stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Morbidity and mortality rates are very high in obstructive jaundice when it is associated with sepsis and multiple organ failure. Nitric oxide (NO) formation and increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) also take place in obstructive jaundice (OJ). N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) has a beneficial effect by demonstrating anti-inflammatory activity such as inhibits cytokine expression/release, inhibiting the adhesion molecule expression and inhibiting nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB).

Predictors of vitamin B12 deficiency: age and Helicobacter pylori load of antral mucosa.

Background/aims: The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with non atrophic gastric mucosa and any relationship between the presence of vitamin B12 deficiency and demographic, hematologic, and histopathologic parameters.

Methods: Three hundred and ten patients with no gastric mucosal atrophy on histologic evaluation were included in the study. Chronic inflammation, neutrophil activity and H.

The effects of hormone replacement therapy type on pulmonary functions in postmenopausal women.

Objective: To study whether hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or Tibolone has an effect on pulmonary function in postmenopausal women.

Methods: Seventy-five postmenopausal women without any risk factor for pulmonary disease were included in this randomized, prospective study. Fifty women had undergone natural menopause and 25 had had a hysterectomy/ooforectomy.

Serum levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and nitric oxide in patients with chronic hepatitis related to hepatitis C virus: connection fibrosis.

Background/aims: Chronicity of inflammation or fibrosis of liver parenchyma in patients with hepatitis C virus infection can be related to features of immunological responses in the liver. Adhesive interactions and free radicals are two important aspects of this inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to investigate serum sICAM-1 and nitric oxide levels in the sera of patients with post-hepatitis C chronic hepatitis.

The effect of PARS inhibition on ileal histopathology, apoptosis and lipid peroxidation in LPS-induced obstructive jaundice.

In our experimental study, we investigated the protective effect of 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB), the poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase (PARS inhibitor), on the ileal histopathology and the apoptosis in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in rats with obstructive jaundice (OJ). We randomized 40 rats into five groups. Group 1: sham group; Group 2: OJ group; Group 3: OJ+LPS; Group 4: OJ+3-AB+LPS; Group 5: OJ+LPS+3-AB.

Cytological correlation in patients who have a pre-diagnosis of thyroiditis ultrasonographically.

Objective: Radiological-cytopathological correlation in patients who are prediagnosed ultrasonographically as thyroiditis.

Study Design: Fourty five patients with hypoechogenic, heterogeneous, and/or pseudolobulated thyroid gland sonographically were included in this prospective study. Except for the patients with subacute thyroiditis, none of the patients had a prediagnosis of thyroiditis clinically.