Low-dose naloxone provides an abuse-deterrent effect to buprenorphine.

In developmental research, plasma buprenorphine concentrations comparable to a 2 mg buprenorphine-naloxone (BN) sublingual tablet have been achieved with a 0.75 mg dose of BN buccal film, a small, bioerodible polymer film for application to mucosal membranes. This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-dose, four-period crossover study in opioid-dependent subjects with chronic pain receiving >100 mg oral morphine equivalents daily who experienced withdrawal following a naloxone challenge dose.