The Effect of Supplementary Staple Fixation on Biomechanical Properties of Soft Tissue Graft Tibial Fixation in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

This study aimed to test and compare the biomechanical properties of three tibial fixation methods of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tendon grafts under cyclic load and load-to-failure testing in the bovine proximal tibiae, comprising (1) staple fixation alone, (2) interference screw fixation alone, and (3) interference screw fixation with a supplementary staple. Twenty-four bovine tibiae used in the study were divided into three groups (eight proximal tibiae in each group) based on tibial fixation methods of ACL tendon grafts: group A (a spiked ligament staple alone), group B (a cannulated interference screw alone), and group C (a cannulated interference screw with a supplementary staple). Each graft fixation was exposed to cyclic loading conditions.

Biomechanical Comparison of Uniplanar versus Biplanar Lateral Opening-wedge Distal Femoral Osteotomy Techniques in Terms of Risk for Medial Hinge Fracture.

The effect of osteotomy type on the initial stiffness of the bone-implant construct in lateral opening-wedge distal femoral osteotomy (LOWDFO) using a uniplanar compared with a biplanar technique has been investigated. However, no study has explored the biomechanical risk factors for medial hinge fracture. This study aimed to compare the biomechanical strength of uniplanar versus biplanar LOWDFO regarding the risk for medial hinge fracture during gap opening.

Tibial Press-Fit Fixation Technique in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Surgery.

Implant-free press-fit tibial fixation technique has recently gained popularity in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction because it does not cause tunnel widening, does not cause complications associated with additional fixation materials, allows bone-to-bone healing, and does not cause defects in revision surgery. Bone-patellar tendon autograft offers the advantage of direct bone-to-bone integration of the graft, and anterior knee pain is less expected than bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft. This technical report includes details of arthroscopic ACL reconstruction of patellar tendon-tibial tubercle bone autograft distal press-fit fixation technique.

Biomechanical comparison of three different surgical methods in the surgical treatment of distal tibial metaphyseal fractures. An animal model study.

Background: The aim of this study is to investigate mechanical properties of minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO), supracutaneousplating (SP), and unilateral external fixators (UEF) which can be performed for open tibial fractures.

Methods: An unstable diaphysial tibia fracture was created in 60 fresh sheep tibia specimens by performing an osteotomy at the middle of bones. Specimens were divided into 3 groups.

Tibial Press-Fit Fixation Technique in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Implant-free press-fit tibial fixation technique has gained popularity recently due to the problems in bone tunnel expansion, defect, and revision surgery due to the tibial fixation material preferred in anterior cruciate ligament surgery. Patellar tendon-tibial bone autograft offers several advantages in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. We describe a tibial tunnel preparation method and the use of patellar tendon-bone graft in the implant-free tibial press-fit technique.

Internal tibial torsion is associated with medial meniscus posterior horn tears.

Purpose: Risk factors for meniscal tears play a decisive role in deciding on treatment and rehabilitation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of tibial rotation on medial meniscus posterior horn tears (MMPHTs).

Methods: This study is a retrospective case-control study.

Association between fracture type and the risk of bleeding in intertrochanteric femur fractures.

Introduction: The current study aimed to determine the association between fracture type and pre-operative hemoglobin level decrease in intertrochanteric fractures. Further, the erythrocyte unit required in replacement therapy until discharge according to fracture type was evaluated.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 194 patients diagnosed with intertrochanteric femur fracture who received proximal femoral nail implantation.

Biomechanical comparison of four different fixation methods in the management of Pauwels type III femoral neck fractures: Is there a clear winner?

Background: Cannulated screws augmented with the medial buttress plate could confer greater biomechanical stability and higher union rates than the screw fixation alone for treating young patients with Pauwels type III femoral neck fractures (FNFs). No study has evaluated the effects of distal bicortical screw fixation and biomechanical properties of buttress plate augmentation under simultaneous vertical and rotational forces, physiologically acting on the hip joint. This study aimed to compare the biomechanical properties of four methods of three cannulated screw fixation under the combined axial and torsional loading in a synthetic femur model of type III FNF.

Acromion-axillary nerve distance and its relation to the arm length in the prediction of the axillary nerve position: a clinical study.

Background: Because of the broad anatomic variation in the course of the axillary nerve, several cadaveric studies have investigated the acromion-axillary nerve distance and its association with the humeral length to predict the axillary nerve location. This study aimed to analyze the acromion-axillary nerve distance (AAND) and its relation to the arm length (AL) in patients who underwent internal plate fixation for proximal humerus fractures.

Methods: The present prospective study involved 37 patients (15 female, 22 male; the mean age = 51 years, age range 19-76) with displaced proximal humerus fractures treated by open reduction and internal fixation.

The intra- and interobserver reliability of five commonly used intertrochanteric femur fracture classification systems.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the effect of surgical experience on reliability for Boyd-Griffin, Evans/Jensen, Evans, Orthopaedic Trauma Association (main and subgroups), and Tronzo classification systems.

Patients And Methods: Between January 2013 and December 2014, radiological images of a total of 60 patients (13 males, 47 females; mean age: 78.9±21.

Comparison of the efficacy of irrigation with epinephrine or tranexamic acid on visual clarity during arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: A double-blind, randomized-controlled study.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate whether there was a difference between epinephrine (EPN) and tranexamic acid (TXA) in providing visual clarity during arthroscopic rotator cuff tear repair.

Patients And Methods: This double-blind, prospective, randomized-controlled clinical study included a total of 90 patients (42 males, 48 females; mean age: 55.6±8.

An oblique osteotomy is better for subtrochanteric shortening in total hip arthroplasty for high hip dislocation: a mechanical comparison of four techniques.

Background: Subtrochanteric femoral shortening is used during total hip arthroplasty for high hip dislocation in developmental dysplasia of hip patients.

Methods: We mechanically tested the stability of various commonly used subtrochanteric osteotomy techniques. As the equivalent of a femoral stem placed in a shortened femur without any stable fixation at the osteotomy line, 2 polyvinylchloride pipes were loosely intertwined.

Long-term functional outcomes upon application of split-thickness skin graft around major joints in HCC (Hung-Chi Chen)-modified Charles' procedure for advanced lymphedema.

Objective: In the conventional Charles' procedure for lower-limb lymphedema, full-thickness skin grafts (FTSGs) or flaps are the preferred treatment for areas around the knee and ankle because of the belief that FTSGs or flaps result in slighter contracture relative to split-thickness skin grafts (STSGs). However, the use of FTSGs or flaps prolongs operation and increases the risk of partial graft loss; should partial graft loss occur, additional grafting is required for remnant defects to avoid significant scarring after secondary healing. The senior author (HCC) thus modified the Charles' procedure and used STSGs around the knee and ankle.

A New Technique in Tamai Zone 1 Reconstruction: Reverse Dorsal Terminal Vein Flap (Hat Flap).

The aim of this study was to determine usability of the reverse dorsal terminal vein flap (hat flap) in the reconstruction of Tamai zone 1 defects. A total of 31 patients with fingertip amputation in Tamai zone 1 defect in the finger operated upon between 2014 and 2016 were included in this study. Flaps were designed from the proximal end of the nail bed to the middle phalanx according to the defect size.

Potential utility of dermoscopy in the examination of ocular pigmentations.

Background: Dermoscopy is a fundamental method in the examination of melanocytic neoplasms. Limited data exist about the dermoscopic features of ocular pigmentations (OPs).

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the usefulness of dermoscopy in the examination of OPs.

Visual, Topographic, and Pachymetric Effects of Pediatric Corneal Collagen Cross-linking.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of pediatric corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) on corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), maximum keratometry (Kmax), and other Scheimpflug imaging system parameters during 2 years of follow-up.

Methods: The records of 29 eyes of 29 pediatric patients who underwent unilateral CXL treatment for progressive keratoconus were reviewed. Changes in CDVA, Kmax, anterior chamber depth, anterior chamber volume, anterior chamber angle, pupil-center pachymetry, apical pachymetry, thinnest pachymetry, corneal volume, and topographic indices (index of surface variance [ISV], index of vertical asymmetry [IVA], index of height asymmetry [IHA], keratoconus index [KI], center keratoconus index [CKI], index of height decentration [IHD], and minimum radius of curvature [Rmin]) were analyzed among baseline and 1 and 2 years after the CXL treatment.

Early deterioration in ellipsoid zone in eyes with non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the early effects of soft drusen on retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), ellipsoid zone (EZ, photoreceptor inner segment/outer segment junction), and external limiting membrane (ELM) reflectivities using optical coherence tomography (OCT) image analysis. This retrospective comparative study comprised 47 patients with non-neovascular AMD (with intact RPE, EZ, and ELM bands on OCT) and 45 age- and sex-matched healthy controls with normal OCT. A single masked physician performed OCT image analysis using a medical image processing software.

Density of the crystalline lens in obese and nonobese children.

Purpose: To compare crystalline lens density in obese and nonobese children.

Methods: A total of 40 obese (25 females) and 46 age-sex matched controls (26 females) were included in this prospective study. Children with ocular diseases (except for mild refractive errors), ocular trauma, or surgery and any systemic disorders, including diabetes, were excluded.

Impaired photoreceptor inner segment ellipsoid layer reflectivity in mild diabetic retinopathy.

Objective: To determine alterations in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), photoreceptor inner segment ellipsoid layer (ISel), and external limiting membrane (ELM) reflectivities using optical coherence tomography (OCT) image analysis in patients with mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR).

Design: Retrospective, single-centre, controlled clinical study.

Participants: The study cohort included 42 eyes of 42 patients with mild NPDR (NPDR group) and 40 eyes of 40 healthy subjects (control group).

Diagnostic Consistency and Relation Between Optical Coherence Tomography and Standard Automated Perimetry in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma.

Purpose: To assess diagnostic consistency and relation between spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and standard automated perimetry (SAP) in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Methods: This retrospective study comprised 51 eyes of 51 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of POAG. The qualitative and quantitative SD-OCT parameters (retinal nerve fiber layer thicknesses [RNFL; average, superior, inferior, nasal and temporal], RNFL symmetry, rim area, disc area, average and vertical cup/disc [C/D] ratio and cup volume) were compared with parameters of SAP (mean deviation, pattern standard deviation, visual field index, and glaucoma hemifield test reports).

Arterial and intraocular pressure changes after a single-session hot-water immersion.

Background/aims: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of head-out hot-water immersion on the intraocular pressure (IOP) of healthy subjects and investigate whether this intervention alters cardiovascular and microcirculatory responses. METHODs: 16 male and 18 female healthy young adults were immersed in 39 degrees C water up to shoulder level for 20 minutes. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and IOP were measured pre-immersion, post-immersion and five minutes after immersion on the same day.

Age-based analysis of choroidal thickness and choroidal vessel diameter in primary open-angle glaucoma.

We aimed to assess choroidal thickness and vessel diameter in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) using enhanced depth imaging (EDI) optical coherence tomography (OCT) with age-based analysis. Fifty-four patients with a confirmed diagnosis of POAG and 44 age-sex matched healthy subjects were included into the study. A masked physician performed measurements of largest choroidal vessel diameter and choroidal thicknesses (subfoveal, nasal, and temporal) using EDI OCT.

A combination of topographic and pachymetric parameters in keratoconus diagnosis.

Purpose: To evaluate the utility of topographic and pachymetric parameters of Scheimpflug system in keratoconus diagnosis.

Methods: This study included 183 eyes of 183 patients with keratoconus (keratoconus group) and 131 eyes of 131 age and sex-matched healthy subjects (control group). Mean keratometry (K, front), topographic astigmatism, pupil-center pachymetry, apical pachymetry, thinnest pachymetry (TP), corneal volume and maximum K (Kmax) were obtained from the Scheimpflug imaging system.