Investigating Vitreous Cytokines in Choroidal Melanoma.

Due to the close relationship between the vitreous and posterior eye layers, the microenvironment of these layers can affect the composition of the vitreous. Molecular analysis of the vitreous may therefore provide important insights into the pathogenesis of chorioretinal diseases. In this study, vitreous cytokines (n = 41) were evaluated to gain further insights into the tumor microenvironment in uveal melanoma (UM) arising from the choroid (CM).

Simplified technique for lateral canthal tendon canthopexy.

Purpose: Different techniques for lateral canthal suspension have been used in the management of various eyelid malpositions. We describe a simplified technique for lateral canthal suspension and review its outcome along with a review of existing variations.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of 28 eyelids in 22 patients who underwent simplified lateral canthal suspension.

Management of Peripapillary Choroidal Neovascular Membrane in Patients With Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension.

Objective: To report the clinical features and treatment outcomes of patients with peripapillary choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) secondary to idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH).

Methods: Retrospective, multicenter chart review of patients diagnosed with peripapillary CNVM in the course of the treatment and follow-up of IIH.

Results: Records were reviewed from 7 different institutions between 2006 and 2016.

Peripheral Persistent Fetal Vasculature: A Report of Three Cases.

The authors report three cases of persistent fetal vasculature (PFV) presenting with an atypical peripheral fibrovascular stalk. A 5-month-old with congenital exotropia with a vitreous hemorrhage in the right eye underwent vitrectomy, and a mid-peripheral vitreal vascular stalk was visualized within the area of hemorrhage. The second case is of an 8-year-old with two fetal vascular remnants in the right eye: (1) a stalk superotemporally extending from the pars plana to the mid-peripheral retina that was associated with a retinal break and (2) a focal lens opacity.

Arterial macroaneurysm of the optic disc.

Purpose: We present fundus and spectral domain optical coherence tomography findings of a patient with an arterial macroaneurysm of the optic disc.

Observations: An 87-year-old woman presented with blurry vision and was found to have a retinal arterial macroaneurysm on the optic disc. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography revealed abnormal saccular arterial dilatation on the disc with an elongation anteriorly and superficial prepapillary hemorrhages.

Aflibercept Versus Bevacizumab and/or Ranibizumab for Recurrent Macular Edema Secondary to Central Retinal Vein Occlusion.

Purpose: To compare functional and anatomic outcomes of treatment with intravitreal aflibercept versus bevacizumab and/or ranibizumab in patients with recurrent macular edema (ME) secondary to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO).

Methods: Retrospective, comparative case series of patients with recurrent ME in the setting of CRVO. Patients with recurrent ME received treatment with aflibercept (Group 1, G1) or bevacizumab and/or ranibizumab (Group 2, G2).

Clinical features and management of dacryops.

Purpose: To describe clinical, imaging findings, and management of dacryops cases.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed to identify the patients diagnosed with dacryops over a 5-year period. The clinical features based on clinical findings, computerized tomography and ultrasonography, and observation and surgical excision results were noted when available.

ACCIDENTAL DUPLICATION: Combined Vitrectomy and Glaucoma Drainage Device Implantation Surgical Approach for Complex Pediatric Glaucomas.

The Publisher regrets that this article is an accidental duplication of an article that has already been published, http://dx.doi.org/10.

Combined vitrectomy and glaucoma drainage device implantation surgical approach for complex pediatric glaucomas.

Purpose: To evaluate efficacy of combined vitrectomy with posteriorly placed glaucoma drainage device (GDD) in lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) in children.

Methods: The medical records of children who underwent vitrectomy with posteriorly placed GDD were reviewed retrospectively. Patients with a minimum of 6 months' follow-up were included.

Novel biomarkers for patients with idiopathic acute anterior uveitis: neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and platelet to lymphocyte ratio.

Aim: To assess the levels of the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (N/L) and the platelet to lymphocyte ratio (P/L) in patients with idiopathic acute anterior uveitis (AAU) and to compare with healthy controls.

Methods: Thirty-six male patients with idiopathic AAU and 36 male healthy subjects were enrolled in this retrospective study. Complete ophthalmological examination and complete blood count measurements results of all subjects were evaluated.

Macular hole closure following spontaneous release of vitreomacular traction.

We describe the temporal changes observed with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in the left eye of a 65-year-old man who developed a stage 1 macular hole secondary to vitreomacular traction (VMT). After 1 month, VMT had resolved spontaneously with a complete posterior vitreous detachment. Following VMT resolution, macular hole demonstrated progressive improvement and outer retinal disruption recovered spontaneously.

NOVEL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM FOR COMBINED HAMARTOMA OF THE RETINA AND RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM.

Purpose: To develop an anatomical classification scheme for combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and specify recommendations for follow-up interval.

Methods: Retrospective review of patients with combined hamartoma of the retina and RPE examined during a 7-year period (2008-2015). The clinical presentation, fundus examination, and optical coherence tomography were analyzed.

Is there a relationship between outer retinal destruction and choroidal changes in cone dystrophy?

Purpose:: The aim of the present study was to use enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) to investigate choroidal changes in patients with cone dystrophy (CD) and to correlate these findings with clinical and electroretinography (ERG) findings.

Methods:: This case-control study included 40 eyes of 20 patients with CD and 40 eyes of 40 age- and refraction-matched healthy individuals. Choroidal thickness (CT) measurements were obtained under the foveal center and at 500 and 1,500 μm from the nasal and temporal regions to the center of the fovea, respectively.

SELF-PEELING EPIRETINAL MEMBRANE.

Purpose: To present a self-peeling epiretinal membrane (ERM) in a patient with spontaneously improved retinal capillary hemangioma in the left eye.

Methods: The authors demonstrate the improvement of an untreated retinal capillary hemangioma and resolution of ERM with fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Genetic testing excluded von Hippel-Lindau disease in this patient.

Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as Novel Biomarkers of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma.

Purpose: We aimed to assess the levels of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and to compare the NLR and PLR results of patients with POAG and ocular hypertension, as well as in healthy controls.

Patients And Methods: Eighty-four patients with POAG, 94 patients with ocular hypertension, and 80 healthy subjects were enrolled in this retrospective study. Complete ophthalmological examination and complete blood count measurements were performed for all subjects.

Recent Developments in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Ocular Toxoplasmosis.

Ocular toxoplasmosis, a chorioretinal infection with Toxoplasma gondii, is the most common etiology of posterior uveitis in many countries. Accurate diagnosis depends heavily on the characteristic clinical features of this disease, but atypical presentations, especially in immunocompromised patients, may create diagnostic challenges and lead to misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment. Molecular biology techniques to diagnose ocular toxoplasmosis have been available for many years and are now accessible as standard laboratory tests in many countries.

Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer and Peripapillary Choroidal Thicknesses in Non-Glaucomatous Unilateral Optic Atrophy Compared with Unilateral Advanced Pseudoexfoliative Glaucoma.

Purpose: To investigate retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFL-T) and peripapillary choroidal thickness (PC-T) in non-glaucomatous optic atrophy (OA) patients in comparison with unaffected and control eyes, furthermore, to compare thickness profiles with unilateral pseudoexfoliative advanced glaucoma.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-three eyes with OA (Group A), 33 unaffected fellow eyes (Group B), 25 right eyes of 25 control subjects (Group C), and 15 eyes with advanced glaucoma (Group D) were enrolled. RNFL-T was measured in six regions by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.

Comparison of peripapillary choroidal thickness measurements via spectral domain optical coherence tomography with and without enhanced depth imaging.

Objectives: To compare peripapillary choroidal thickness (PP-CT) measurements using a spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) device with and without enhanced depth imaging (EDI).

Methods: Sixty healthy subjects aged from 18 to 40 years were included in this study. PP-CTs were measured in the right eyes by manual segmentation via SD-OCT both with and without EDI.