Characterization of Lemon Pepper and Black Ginger Extracts and Macroemulsions as Natural Pain Relievers for Spice Stick Balsam Formulation.

Lemon pepper or andaliman () and black ginger () are rich in bioactive compounds that possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Our recent study demonstrated that andaliman ethanolic extract also exerted anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory effects in arthritic mice in vivo. Therefore, natural anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic compounds for alternative natural pain relievers in balsam formulation are needed.