Pharmacokinetics and concentration-effect relationship of adalimumab in rheumatoid arthritis.

Aims: This study aimed at describing adalimumab pharmacokinetics (PK) and the concentration-effect relationship of adalimumab using pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) modelling in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods: Adalimumab PK and PK-PD data were obtained from a multicentric observational study. Adalimumab (40 mg) was administered subcutaneously every other week, and its pharmacokinetics was described using a one-compartment model.

Ex vivo study of bevacizumab transport through porcine nasal mucosa.

Introduction: Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a genetic disorder associated with abnormal angiogenesis and disabling epistaxis, for which bevacizumab is reported to be a new therapeutic option. In the present study, bevacizumab transport in porcine nasal mucosa was investigated to determine antibody bioavailability.

Material And Methods: Transmucosal absorption of bevacizumab was examined by using nasal mucosa specimens mounted onto static vertical diffusion cells then treated with bevacizumab solution (25 mg mL(-1), 500 μg) for 2.

Influence of methotrexate on infliximab pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in ankylosing spondylitis.

Aims: Infliximab, an anti-tumour necrosis factor α monoclonal antibody, has profoundly modified the treatment of several inflammatory diseases. The objective was to assess the influence of methotrexate on the variability of infliximab pharmacokinetics and concentration-effect relationship in axial ankylosing spondylitis (AAS) patients.

Methods: Twenty-six patients with AAS were included in a prospective study.

Purification and functional characterization of protoplasts and intact vacuoles from grape cells.

Background: During grape berry ripening, the vacuoles accumulate water, sugars and secondary metabolites, causing great impact in plant productivity and wine quality. However, the molecular basis of these compartmentation processes is still poorly understood. As in many species, the major bottleneck to study these aspects in grapevine is to obtain highly purified vacuoles with a good yield.

A sugar-inducible protein kinase, VvSK1, regulates hexose transport and sugar accumulation in grapevine cells.

In grapevine (Vitis vinifera), as in many crops, soluble sugar content is a major component of yield and economical value. This paper identifies and characterizes a Glycogen Synthase Kinase3 protein kinase, cloned from a cDNA library of grape Cabernet Sauvignon berries harvested at the ripening stage. This gene, called VvSK1, was mainly expressed in flowers, berries, and roots.

VvHT1 encodes a monosaccharide transporter expressed in the conducting complex of the grape berry phloem.

The accumulation of sugars in grape berries requires the co-ordinate expression of sucrose transporters, invertases, and monosaccharide transporters. A monosaccharide transporter homologue (VvHT1, Vitis vinifera hexose transporter 1) has previously been isolated from grape berries at the veraison stage, and its expression was shown to be regulated by sugars and abscisic acid. The present work investigates the function and localization of VvHT1.