Purine and carbohydrate availability drive fitness during wound and urinary tract infections.

Although is a common wound pathogen, its pathogenic mechanisms during wound infection are unexplored. Here, combining a mouse wound infection model with transposon and RNA sequencing approaches, we identified the purine biosynthetic pathway and galactose/mannose MptABCD phosphotransferase system as essential for acute replication and persistence during wound infection, respectively. The essentiality of purine biosynthesis and the MptABCD PTS is driven by the consumption of purine metabolites by during acute replication and changing carbohydrate availability during the course of wound infection.

Evaluating smoking cessation service at an emergency department clinical observation unit.

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of a pilot smoking cessation service in an emergency department (ED) clinical observation unit.

Study Design: A descriptive case series review was undertaken of smoking cessation service patients in the short-stay unit of an acute hospital in Singapore from July 1, 2018, to December 31, 2019.

Methods: Upon admission, ED nurses screen all patients regarding their current smoking status and implement the 5 A's framework, which involves the steps of Ask-Advise-Assess-Assist-Arrange.

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of and and efficacy study of herbal extracts on allergic contact dermatitis using 3D human reconstructed epidermis.

Objective: To evaluate the quality of (AR) and (DC) and study the efficacy of herbal extracts of these two herbs on the treatment of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD).

Methods: Qualitative and quantitative analysis of effective components was performed using High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC), High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and HPLC-Quadrupole Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-QTOF-MS). allergic ACD 3D model was established by incubating 3D reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) with skin sensitizer, potassium dichromate.

Effective Communication at Different Phases of COVID-19 Prevention: Roles, Enablers and Barriers.

In an age of globalisation and hyperconnectivity, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented and sustained impact worldwide. This article discusses issues related to (science) communication at different phases of the COVID-19 epidemic timeline. We consider the role of communication for prevention from the ecological perspective, taking into consideration that many emerging pathogens, including COVID-19, likely arise in part due to anthropogenic changes to natural environments.

Hepatic Bioactivation of Skin-Sensitizing Drugs to Immunogenic Reactive Metabolites.

The clinical use of some drugs, such as carbamazepine, phenytoin, and allopurinol, is often associated with adverse cutaneous reactions. The bioactivation of drugs into immunologically reactive metabolites by the liver is postulated to be the first step in initiating a downstream cascade of pathological immune responses. Current mechanistic understanding and the ability to predict such adverse drug cutaneous responses have been partly limited by the lack of appropriate cutaneous drug bioactivation experimental models.