0D Dynamic Modeling and Experimental Characterization of a Biomass Boiler with Mass and Energy Balance.

The paper presents an experimental study and a 0D dynamic modeling of a biomass boiler based on the Bond Graph formalism from mass and energy balance. The biomass boiler investigated in this study is an automatic pellet boiler with a nominal power of 30 kW with a fixed bed. The balances allow to model as time function the flue gas enthalpy flux variation and the thermal transfers between the flue gas and the walls of the boiler subsystems.

Sexual transmission of Zika virus on Twitter: A depoliticised epidemic.

During global health crises, different narratives regarding infectious disease epidemics circulate in traditional media (e.g. news agencies, television channels) and social media.

Modeling of Carbon Monoxide Two-Photon Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) Spectra at High Temperature and Pressure.

In this study, quantitative model of two-photon excitation and fluorescence spectra of carbon monoxide based on up-to-date spectroscopic constants collected during an extensive literature survey was developed. This semi-classical model takes into account Hönl-London factors, quenching effects (collisional broadening and shift), ionization and stark effect (broadening and shift), whereas predissociation is neglected. It was specifically developed to first reproduce with a high confidence level the behavior of our experimental spectra obtained from laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) measurements, and then to allow us to extrapolate the fluorescence signal amplitude in other conditions than those used in these experiments.

Information Circulation in times of Ebola: Twitter and the Sexual Transmission of Ebola by Survivors.

Introduction: The 2013-2015 outbreak of Ebola was by far the largest to date, affecting Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, and secondarily, Nigeria, Senegal and the United States. Such an event raises questions about the circulation of health information across social networks. This article presents an analysis of tweets concerning a specific theme: the sexual transmission of the virus by survivors, at a time when there was a great uncertainty about the duration and even the possibility of such transmission.

Experimental Spectroscopic Studies of Carbon Monoxide (CO) Fluorescence at High Temperatures and Pressures.

Two-photon excitation laser-induced fluorescence of carbon monoxide (CO-LIF) is investigated experimentally in order to determine the applicability of this technique for imaging CO concentration in aeronautical combustors. Experiments are carried out in a high temperature, high-pressure test cell, and in a laminar premixed CH/air flame. Influence of temperature and pressure on CO-LIF spectra intensity and shape is reported.

Soot volume fraction fields in unsteady axis-symmetric flames by continuous laser extinction technique.

A Laser Extinction Method has been set up to provide two-dimensional soot volume fraction field time history at a tunable frequency up to 70 Hz inside an axis-symmetric diffusion flame experiencing slow unsteady phenomena preserving the symmetry. The use of a continuous wave laser as the light source enables this repetition rate, which is an incremental advance in the laser extinction technique. The technique is shown to allow a fine description of the soot volume fraction field in a flickering flame exhibiting a 12.