Safety of immune checkpoint inhibitor rechallenge after severe immune-related adverse events: a retrospective analysis.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) present clinicians with the challenge of managing immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which can range from mild to severe due to immune system activation . While guidelines recommend discontinuing ICIs for grade 3 partial and all grade 4 irAEs, there is growing interest in rechallenging patients based on oncological outcomes, particularly for cardiovascular and neurological irAEs where data remains scarce . We retrospectively evaluated the safety of ICI rechallenge following grade 3-4 irAEs, specifically focusing on cardiovascular and neurological events, in patients discussed at our multidisciplinary immunotoxicity assessment board between 2019 and 2021.

Esophageal Achalasia Induced by Ipilimumab and Nivolumab Combination: A Rare Neurological Manifestation of Immune-related Autonomic Neuropathy.

Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has improved the prognosis of many cancers; a combination of nivolumab (anti-programmed cell death protein 1) and ipilimumab (anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4) is approved as first-line therapy for advanced melanoma, with objective responses obtained in more than half of patients. However, this combination is associated with a high rate of immune-related adverse events, which are often severe and multiple. Neurological immune-related adverse events are rare but feared because they can be life-threatening, their diagnosis and management are challenging, and patients can have irreversible sequelae.