Zinc Starvation Induces Cell Wall Remodeling and Activates the Antioxidant Defense System in .

The survival of pathogenic fungi in the host after invasion depends on their ability to obtain nutrients, which include the transition metal zinc. This essential micronutrient is required to maintain the structure and function of various proteins and, therefore, plays a critical role in various biological processes. The host's nutritional immunity limits the availability of zinc to pathogenic fungi mainly by the action of calprotectin, a component of neutrophil extracellular traps.

Proteomic analysis reveals changes in the proteome of human THP-1 macrophages infected with .

spp. is the etiologic agent of Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), a systemic disease with wide distribution in Latin America. Macrophages are very important cells during the response to infection by .

Proteomics of : Overview of Changes Triggered by Nitrogen Catabolite Repression.

Members of the complex are the causative agents of Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), a human systemic mycosis endemic in Latin America. Upon initial contact with the host, the pathogen needs to uptake micronutrients. Nitrogen is an essential source for biosynthetic pathways.

The influence of a copper efflux pump in Histoplasma capsulatum virulence.

During the infectious process, pathogenic microorganisms must obtain nutrients from the host in order to survive and proliferate. These nutritional sources include the metallic nutrient copper. Despite its essentiality, copper in large amounts is toxic.

Identification and immunogenic potential of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins in .

In fungal pathogens the cell wall plays an important role in host-pathogen interactions because its molecular components (e.g., polysaccharides and proteins) may trigger immune responses during infection.

Proteomic Profiling of in Response to Phenacylideneoxindol Derivative: Unveiling Molecular Targets and Pathways.

Background: The treatment of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a challenge, and the discovery of new antifungal compounds is crucial. The phenacylideneoxindoles exhibited promising antifungal activity against spp., but their mode of action remains unknown.

Fungal Vaccine Development: State of the Art and Perspectives Using Immunoinformatics.

Fungal infections represent a serious global health problem, causing damage to health and the economy on the scale of millions. Although vaccines are the most effective therapeutic approach used to combat infectious agents, at the moment, no fungal vaccine has been approved for use in humans. However, the scientific community has been working hard to overcome this challenge.

Immunoproteomic and immunoinformatic approaches identify secreted antigens and epitopes from Staphylococcus saprophyticus.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common human infections that compromise women's health around the world, even though they can affect men and women of all ages. Bacterial species are the primary causative agents of UTIs, while Staphylococcus saprophyticus, a gram-positive bacterium, is especially important for uncomplicated infections in young women. Despite the number of antigenic proteins identified in Staphylococcus aureus and other bacteria of the genus, there is no immunoproteomic study in S.

Molecular Interactions of the Copper Chaperone Atx1 of with Fungal Proteins Suggest a Crosstalk between Iron and Copper Homeostasis.

spp. are endemic fungi from Latin America that cause Paracoccidioidomycosis, a systemic disease. These fungi present systems for high-affinity metal uptake, storage, and mobilization, which counteract host nutritional immunity and mitigate the toxic effects of metals.

Exposure of to Mebendazole Leads to Inhibition of Fungal Energy Production.

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a fungal disease caused by organisms of the genus spp. The treatment of the disease is lengthy and includes several adverse effects. Various methodologies focus on the search for new treatments against fungal disease, including the repositioning of drugs.

New Methylcitrate Synthase Inhibitor Induces Proteolysis, Lipid Degradation and Pyruvate Excretion in .

Background: Paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic mycosis caused by the inhalation of conidia of the genus . During the infectious process, fungal cells use several carbon sources, leading to the production of propionyl-CoA. The latter is metabolized by the methylcitrate synthase, a key enzyme of the methylcitrate cycle.

Proteomic Response of Exposed to the Antifungal 4-Methoxynaphthalene-N-acylhydrazone Reveals Alteration in Metabolism.

Paracoccidioidomycosis is a neglected mycosis with a high socioeconomic impact that requires long-term treatment with antifungals that have limitations in their use. The development of antifungals targeting essential proteins that are present exclusively in the fungus points to a potentially promising treatment. The inhibitor of the enzyme homoserine dehydrogenase drove the synthesis of -(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-methoxy-1-naphthohydrazide (AOS).

Formamidase Contributes to Fungal Survival in Macrophages.

Nitrogen is a crucial nutrient for microorganisms that compose essential biomolecules. However, hosts limit this nutrient as a strategy to counter infections, therefore, pathogens use adaptive mechanisms to uptake nitrogen from alternative sources. In fungi, nitrogen catabolite repression (NCR) activates transcription factors to acquire nitrogen from alternative sources when preferential sources are absent.

plasma membrane characterization by EPR spectroscopy and interactions with amphotericin B, miltefosine and nerolidol.

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy of spin labels was used to characterize the interactions of amphotericin B (AmB), miltefosine (MIL) and nerolidol (NER) with the plasma membrane of . Spin-labeled analogs of stearic acid and steroid androstane distributed into the plasma membrane of the fungus treated with AmB, showed strong interactions with putative AmB/sterol complexes. The observed increase in the EPR parameter 2A caused by AmB can be interpreted as a remarkable reduction in the spin label mobility and/or an increase in the local polarity.

Iron Deprivation Modulates the Exoproteome in .

Fungi of the genus are the etiological agents of the systemic mycosis paracoccidioidomycosis and, when in the host, they find a challenging environment that is scarce in nutrients and micronutrients, such as Fe, which is indispensable for the survival of the pathogen. Previous studies have shown that fungi of this genus, in response to Fe deprivation, are able to synthesize and capture siderophores (Fe chelators), use Fe-containing host proteins as a source of the metal, and use a non-canonical reductive pathway for Fe assimilation. Despite all of these findings, there are still gaps that need to be filled in the pathogen response to metal deprivation.

An Integrative Sialomic Analysis Reveals Molecules From (Hemiptera: Reduviidae).

Triatomines have evolved salivary glands that produce versatile molecules with various biological functions, including those leading their interactions with vertebrate hosts' hemostatic and immunological systems. Here, using high-throughput transcriptomics and proteomics, we report the first sialome study on the synanthropic triatomine . As a result, 57,645,372 reads were assembled into 26,670 coding sequences (CDS).

An efficient Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation method for Simplicillium subtropicum (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae).

Filamentous fungi are the organisms of choice for most industrial biotechnology. Some species can produce a variety of secondary metabolites and enzymes of commercial interest, and the production of valuable molecules has been enhanced through different molecular tools. Methods for genetic manipulation and transformation have been essential for the optimization of these organisms.

Validation of conventional PCR-like alternative to SARS-CoV-2 detection with target nucleocapsid protein gene in naso-oropharyngeal samples.

SARS-CoV-2 has spread worldwide and has become a global health problem. As a result, the demand for inputs for diagnostic tests rose dramatically, as did the cost. Countries with inadequate infrastructure experience difficulties in expanding their qPCR testing capacity.

A structure-based approach for the discovery of inhibitors against methylcitrate synthase of .

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic mycosis, endemic in Latin America, caused by fungi of the genus . The treatment of PCM is complex, requiring a long treatment period, which often results in serious side effects. The aim of this study was to screen for inhibitors of a specific target of the fungus that is absent in humans.

identification of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins in spp.

To predict glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins in the genome of and . Five different bioinformatics tools were used for predicting GPI-anchored proteins; we considered as GPI-anchored proteins those detected by at least two analysis methods. We also performed the proteomic analysis of cell wall by mass spectrometry.

iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in response to hypoxia.

Aerobic organisms require oxygen for energy. In the course of the infection, adaptation to hypoxia is crucial for survival of human pathogenic fungi. Members of the Paracoccidioides complex face decreased oxygen tensions during the life cycle stages.