Fosfomycin-Induced Liver Injury: A Case Report.

Fosfomycin is an antibiotic frequently used to treat uncomplicated urinary tract infections. It is normally well-tolerated, but there are some reports of clinically relevant liver injury. We present the case of a 73-year-old female who presented with paucisymptomatic hepatocellular acute liver injury six days after taking fosfomycin.

The skin as a window to the gut: A case of carcinoid syndrome.

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a group of uncommon neoplasms derived from enterochromaffin or Kulchitsky cells (that secrete serotonin or other molecules into the bloodstream), which can manifest with symptoms of hormonal overproduction, namely carcinoid syndrome (CS). This can be the presenting feature in patients with advanced disease. We report the case of a 66-year-old woman presenting with chronic diarrhea, facial venous telangiectasia and elevated urinary 5-hydrocyindoleacetic acid levels.

A Case of Acute Eosinophilic Pneumonia Associated With Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used and their gastric, cardiovascular, and renal adverse effects have been well documented. Although rare, NSAID-induced acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP) may occur. We report a case of AEP related to naproxen and celecoxib.

Changing human hair fibre colour and shape from the follicle.

Introduction: Natural hair curvature and colour are genetically determined human traits, that we intentionally change by applying thermal and chemical treatments to the fibre. Presently, those cosmetic methodologies act externally and their recurrent use is quite detrimental to hair fibre quality and even to our health.

Objectives: This work represents a disruptive concept to modify natural hair colour and curvature.

Beyond the urothelium: Interplay between autonomic nervous system and bladder inflammation in urinary tract infection, bladder pain syndrome with interstitial cystitis and neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction in spinal cord injury-ICI-RS 2023.

Introduction: Inflammation and neuronal hypersensitivity are reactive protective mechanisms after urothelial injury. In lower urinary tract dysfunctions (LUTD), such as urinary tract infection (UTI), bladder pain syndrome with interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC) and neurogenic LUTD after spinal cord injury (SCI), chronic inflammation can develop. It is unclear how the protective reactionary inflammation escalates into chronic disease in some patients.

Involvement of microglia in chronic neuropathic pain associated with spinal cord injury - a systematic review.

In recent decade microglia have been found to have a central role in the development of chronic neuropathic pain after injury to the peripheral nervous system. It is widely accepted that peripheral nerve injury triggers microglial activation in the spinal cord, which contributes to heightened pain sensation and eventually chronic pain states. The contribution of microglia to chronic pain arising after injury to the central nervous system, such as spinal cord injury (SCI), has been less studied, but there is evidence supporting microglial contribution to central neuropathic pain.

Axonal growth inhibitors and their receptors in spinal cord injury: from biology to clinical translation.

Axonal growth inhibitors are released during traumatic injuries to the adult mammalian central nervous system, including after spinal cord injury. These molecules accumulate at the injury site and form a highly inhibitory environment for axonal regeneration. Among these inhibitory molecules, myelin-associated inhibitors, including neurite outgrowth inhibitor A, oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein, myelin-associated glycoprotein, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and repulsive guidance molecule A are of particular importance.

Molecular Mechanism Operating in Animal Models of Neurogenic Detrusor Overactivity: A Systematic Review Focusing on Bladder Dysfunction of Neurogenic Origin.

Neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) is a severe lower urinary tract disorder, characterized by urinary urgency, retention, and incontinence, as a result of a neurologic lesion that results in damage in neuronal pathways controlling micturition. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive framework of the currently used animal models for the investigation of this disorder, focusing on the molecular mechanisms of NDO. An electronic search was performed with PubMed and Scopus for literature describing animal models of NDO used in the last 10 years.

Spinal Cord Injury Causes Marked Tissue Rearrangement in the Urethra-Experimental Study in the Rat.

Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) results in the time-dependent development of urinary impairment due to neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) and detrusor-sphincter-dyssynergia (DSD). This is known to be accompanied by massive changes in the bladder wall. It is presently less clear if the urethra wall also undergoes remodelling.

Stability of Abuse-deterrent properties of PEO-based Abuse-deterrent formulation.

Abuse of opioid drug products is a national health crisis in the US. To deter abuse, a number of drug products with abuse-deterrent (AD) properties have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). For abuse deterrence, it is critical to maintain the AD properties during the product shelf life.

Ameliorates Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Neuropathy in Rats via Modulating Angiogenic, Inflammatory, and Oxidative Pathways.

(TP) is a traditional Indian therapeutic plant and was evaluated for its blood glucose lowering abilities, as well as for its ability to curb diabetic neuropathy (DN). Administrating 45 mg/kg body weight of streptozotocin (STZ) intraperitoneally for four weeks, DN was induced in Wistar rats. After the rats' tails were clipped, the blood glucose levels were measured.

Development of Neurogenic Detrusor Overactivity after Thoracic Spinal Cord Injury Is Accompanied by Time-Dependent Changes in Lumbosacral Expression of Axonal Growth Regulators.

Thoracic spinal cord injury (SCI) results in urinary dysfunction, which majorly affects the quality of life of SCI patients. Abnormal sprouting of lumbosacral bladder afferents plays a crucial role in this condition. Underlying mechanisms may include changes in expression of regulators of axonal growth, including chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (CSPGs), myelin-associated inhibitors (MAIs) and repulsive guidance molecules, known to be upregulated at the injury site post SCI.

Elucidating the Neuroprotective Effect of Leaf Extract in STZ-Induced Diabetic Neuropathy.

Background: Diabetes is considered one of the most encyclopedic metabolic disorders owing to an alarming rise in the number of patients, which is increasing at an exponential rate. With the current therapeutics, which only aims to provide symptomatic and momentary relief, the scientists are shifting gears to explore alternative therapies which not only can target diabetes but can also help in limiting the progression of diabetic complications including diabetic neuropathy (DN).

Methods: leaf methanolic extract was prepared using the Soxhlet method.

Involvement of nerve growth factor (NGF) in chronic neuropathic pain - a systematic review.

Pain is a complex experience, encompassing physiological and psychological components. Amongst the different types of pain, neuropathic pain, resulting from injuries to the peripheral or central nervous system, still constitutes a challenge for researchers and clinicians. Nerve growth factor (NGF) is currently regarded as a key contributor and may serve as a therapeutic target in many types of pain, likely including neuropathic pain.

An advanced automation platform coupled with mass spectrometry for investigating in vitro human skin permeation of UV filters and excipients in sunscreen products.

Rationale: Systemic absorption of UV-filtering chemicals following topical application of sunscreens may present a safety concern. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) had recommended an in vitro skin permeation test (IVPT) to evaluate the potential of this safety risk for the evaluation of sunscreens prior to clinical studies. Therefore, a sensitive and robust bioanalytical method(s) were required for IVPT studies of different topical sunscreen products.

Identification of critical formulation parameters affecting the in vitro release, permeation, and rheological properties of the acyclovir topical cream.

To understand effects of formulation variables on the critical quality attributes (CQA) of acyclovir topical cream, this study investigated effects of propylene glycol (PG), poloxamer, and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) concentrations, acyclovir particle size, and formulation pH of the acyclovir cream. Fifteen formulations were prepared and characterized for rheological properties, particle size distribution, drug release and in vitro skin permeation. Drug distribution between various phases of the cream was determined.

TASCI-transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation in patients with acute spinal cord injury to prevent neurogenic detrusor overactivity: protocol for a nationwide, randomised, sham-controlled, double-blind clinical trial.

Introduction: Neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD), including neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) and detrusor sphincter dyssynergia, is one of the most frequent and devastating sequelae of spinal cord injury (SCI), as it can lead to urinary incontinence and secondary damage such as renal failure. Transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (TTNS) is a promising, non-invasive neuromodulatory intervention that may prevent the emergence of the C-fibre evoked bladder reflexes that are thought to cause NDO. This paper presents the protocol for TTNS in acute SCI (TASCI), which will evaluate the efficacy of TTNS in preventing NDO.

Polyphenol-rich extract of Zhenjiang aromatic vinegar ameliorates high glucose-induced insulin resistance by regulating JNK-IRS-1 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.

Zhenjiang aromatic vinegar is a famous traditional fermented cooking ingredient in China, with multiple nutritional and medicinal applications. Zhenjiang aromatic vinegar extract (100-400 μg/mL) is rich in polyphenols increased the glucose uptake and glucose consumption in high glucose-induced insulin resistant HepG2 (IR-HepG2) cells. Zhenjiang aromatic vinegar extract enhanced glycogen synthesis and attenuated gluconeogenesis by regulating key enzymes in IR-HepG2 cells.

Chronic Pain After Spinal Cord Injury: Is There a Role for Neuron-Immune Dysregulation?

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating event with a tremendous impact in the life of the affected individual and family. Traumatic injuries related to motor vehicle accidents, falls, sports, and violence are the most common causes. The majority of spinal lesions is incomplete and occurs at cervical levels of the cord, causing a disruption of several ascending and descending neuronal pathways.

In Vitro Testing of Sunscreens for Dermal Absorption: A Platform for Product Selection for Maximal Usage Clinical Trials.

Sunscreen products contain UV filters as active ingredients for the protection of the skin against UVR. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a new proposed rule in 2019 (84.FR.