Quality assurance of serologic testing for Chagas disease in a primary care setting of rural Paraguay.

The diagnosis of Chagas disease mostly relies on the use of multiple serologic tests that are often unavailable in many of the remote settings where the disease is highly prevalent. In the Teniente Irala Fernández Municipality, in central Paraguay, efforts have been made to increase the diagnostic capabilities of specific rural health centres, but no quality assurance of the results produced has been performed. We comparatively analysed the results obtained with 300 samples tested using a commercial rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) at the laboratory of the Teniente Irala Fernández Health Center (CSTIF) with those generated upon repeating the tests at an independent well-equipped research laboratory (CEDIC).

Solid Nanomedicines of Nifurtimox and Benznidazole for the Oral Treatment of Chagas Disease.

Chagas disease (CD) is a parasitic zoonosis endemic in Central and South America affecting nearly 10 million people, with 100 million people at high risk of contracting the disease. Treatment is only effective when received at the early stages of the disease and it involved two drugs (nifurtimox (NFX) and benznidazole (BNZ)). Both treatments require multiple daily administrations of high doses, suffer from variable efficacy and insufficient efficacy in chronic CD, many side effects, and a very long duration of treatment that results in poor compliance, while combined available therapies that lead to reduced duration of treatment are not available and polypharmacy reduces compliance and increases the cost further.

Synthesis, trypanocidal and anti-leishmania activity of new triazole-lapachol and nor-lapachol hybrids.

A new library of twenty triazole-lapachol and nor-lapachol derivatives was synthesized. The compounds were evaluated against the epimastigotes form of Trypanosoma cruzi and promastigotes of Leishmania braziliensis and L. infantum.

Ximenia americana L. enhances the antibiotic activity and inhibit the development of kinetoplastid parasites.

Objective: The objective of this work was evaluate the cytotoxic, leishmanicidal and tripanocidal activity, as well as to evaluate its antimicrobial and modulatory activity in association with different antibiotics of the hydroethanolic extract of the Ximenia Americana stem bark (EHXA).

Method: In vitro tests against Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania sp. and citotoxicity were performed.

The use of herbs against neglected diseases: Evaluation of leishmanicidal and trypanocidal activity of Mart.

The evaluation of the leishmanicidal and trypanocidal activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of the bark of Mart. (EHCSR) was carried out to find an alternative treatment for parasitic diseases. EHCSR was prepared and used at four different concentrations (1000, 500, 250, 125 μg/mL) in assays for activity against Leishmania promastigotes using the species and and for trypanocidal activity using the epimastigotes of .

Multi-Anti-Parasitic Activity of Arylidene Ketones and Thiazolidene Hydrazines against Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp.

A series of fifty arylideneketones and thiazolidenehydrazines was evaluated against and . Furthermore, new simplified thiazolidenehydrazine derivatives were evaluated against . The cytotoxicity of the active compounds on non-infected fibroblasts or macrophages was established in vitro to evaluate the selectivity of their anti-parasitic effects.

Antiprotozoal Activity of Triazole Derivatives of Dehydroabietic Acid and Oleanolic Acid.

Tropical parasitic diseases such as Chagas disease and leishmaniasis are considered a major public health problem affecting hundreds of millions of people worldwide. As the drugs currently used to treat these diseases have several disadvantages and side effects, there is an urgent need for new drugs with better selectivity and less toxicity. Structural modifications of naturally occurring and synthetic compounds using click chemistry have enabled access to derivatives with promising antiparasitic activity.

Engineering Oral and Parenteral Amorphous Amphotericin B Formulations against Experimental Trypanosoma cruzi Infections.

Chagas disease (CD) is a parasitic zoonosis endemic in most mainland countries of Central and South America affecting nearly 10 million people, with 100 million people at high risk of contracting the disease. Treatment is only effective if received at the early stages of the disease. Only two drugs (benznidazole and nifurtimox) have so far been marketed, and both share various limitations such as variable efficacy, many side effects, and long duration of treatment, thus reducing compliance.

In vitro antiprotozoal activity of (S)-cis-Verbenol against Leishmania spp. and Trypanosoma cruzi.

(S)-cis-Verbenol, a monoterpene frequently found as a component of essential oils, was assayed against Leishmania amazonensis, Leishmania infantum, Leishmania brasiliensis and against two strains of Trypanosoma cruzi. The cytotoxicity of the compound was also assayed against human fibroblast cells using a colorimetric method. Benznidazole was used as reference drug against T.

Chemical Characterization and Trypanocidal, Leishmanicidal and Cytotoxicity Potential of Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae) Essential Oil.

Drug resistance in the treatment of neglected parasitic diseases, such as leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis, has led to the search and development of alternative drugs from plant origins. In this context, the essential oil extracted by hydro-distillation from Lantana camara leaves was tested against Leishmania braziliensis and Trypanosoma cruzi. The results demonstrated that L.

Analysis of bioactivities and chemical composition of Ziziphus joazeiro Mart. using HPLC-DAD.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical profile and antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiparasitic activities of the hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of Ziziphus joazeiro Mart. (HELZJ). The antioxidant DPPH and FRAP assays and chemical profile were determined by colorimetric methods and HPLC/DAD.

Prevalence of an inherited cancer predisposition syndrome associated with the germ line TP53 R337H mutation in Paraguay.

The tumor suppressor gene TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in human cancer, and the germline TP53 R337H mutation is the most common mutation reported to date. However, this mutation is associated with a lower cumulative lifetime cancer risk than other mutations in the p53 DNA-binding domain. A detailed statistical analysis of 171,500 DNA tests in Brazilian neonates found that 0.

In vitro and in vivo antileishmanial and trypanocidal studies of new N-benzene- and N-naphthalenesulfonamide derivatives.

We report in vivo and in vitro antileishmanial and trypanocidal activities of a new series of N-substituted benzene and naphthalenesulfonamides 1-15. Compounds 1-15 were screened in vitro against Leishmania infantum , Leishmania braziliensis , Leishmania guyanensis , Leishmania amazonensis , and Trypanosoma cruzi . Sulfonamides 6e, 10b, and 10d displayed remarkable activity and selectivity toward T.

Phenol composition, cytotoxic and anti-kinetoplastidae activities of Lygodium venustum SW. (Lygodiaceae).

The search for new therapeutic agents has been a constant for the treatment of diseases such as leishmaniasis and Chagas disease. Most drugs used have side effects, justifying the need to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the tested products for candidates to new drugs. In this study, the bioactivity of Lygodium venustum, a cosmopolitan fern of Lygodiaceae, was assessed about their leishmanicidal and trypanocidal potential.

Nuclease activity and ultrastructural effects of new sulfonamides with anti-leishmanial and trypanocidal activities.

Our aim was to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of a series of N-benzenesulfonamides of amine substituted aromatic rings, sulfonamides 1-6, against Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp. and to compare their trypanocidal and leishmanicidal profile. In order to elucidate the probable mechanism of action, the interaction of selected sulfonamides with pUC18 plasmid DNA was investigated by nuclease activity assays.

Evaluation of the anti-Leishmania activity of ethanol extract and fractions of the leaves from Pityrogramma calomelanos (L.) link.

Leishmaniasis is caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania. Recent reports about leishmaniasis show a few number of drugs available, indicating the necessity of new drugs. In this study, the ethanol extract and fractions of Pityrogramma calomelanos (L.

Anti-Trypanosoma cruzi and cytotoxic activities of Eugenia uniflora L.

Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, being considered a public health problem. An alternative to combat this pathogen is the use of natural products isolated from fruits such as Eugenia uniflora, a plant used by traditional communities as food and medicine due to its antimicrobial and biological activities. Ethanolic extract from E.

Trypanocide, cytotoxic, and antifungal activities of Momordica charantia.

Context: Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is a public health problem. Currently, chemotherapy is the only available treatment for this disease, and the drugs used, nifurtimox and benzonidazol, present high toxicity levels. An alternative for replacing these drugs are natural extracts from Momordica charantia L.

Cytotoxic, trypanocidal, and antifungal activities of Eugenia jambolana L.

Chagas' disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is considered a public health problem. Nowadays, chemotherapy is the only available treatment for this disease, and the drugs currently used, nifurtimox and benzonidazole, present high toxicity levels. Alternatives for replacing these drugs are natural extracts from Eugenia jambolana, a plant used in traditional medicine because of its antimicrobial and biological activities.

Community participation in Chagas disease vector surveillance: systematic review.

Background: Vector control has substantially reduced Chagas disease (ChD) incidence. However, transmission by household-reinfesting triatomines persists, suggesting that entomological surveillance should play a crucial role in the long-term interruption of transmission. Yet, infestation foci become smaller and harder to detect as vector control proceeds, and highly sensitive surveillance methods are needed.

In vivo and in vitro anti-leishmanial activities of 4-nitro-N-pyrimidin- and N-pyrazin-2-ylbenzenesulfonamides, and N2-(4-nitrophenyl)-N1-propylglycinamide.

A series of compounds containing the nitrobenzene and sulfonamido moieties were synthesized and their leishmanicidal effect was assessed in vitro against Leishmaniainfantum promastigotes. Among the compounds evaluated, the p-nitrobenzenesulfonamides 4Aa and 4Ba, and the p-nitroaniline 5 showed significant activity with a good selectivity index. In a Balb/c mice model of L.

Activity of a hydroxybibenzyl bryophyte constituent against Leishmania spp. and Trypanosoma cruzi: in silico, in vitro and in vivo activity studies.

The synthesis and potent antiprotozoal activity of 14-hydroxylunularin, a natural hydroxybibenzyl bryophyte constituent is reported. 14-hydroxylunularin was highly active in vitro assays against culture and intracellular forms of Leishmania spp. and Trypanosoma.

In vitro and in vivo activity of lignan lactones derivatives against Trypanosoma cruzi.

The trypanocidal effect of six lignan lactones, (-)-cubebin (1), (-)-O-methyl cubebin (2), (-)-O-benzyl cubebin (3), (-)-6,6'-dinitrohinokinin (4), (-)-hinokinin (5) and dimethoxymorelensin (6), previously synthesized by our research group, was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The compounds with higher anti-epimastigote activity were screened against intracellular amastigote of Trypanosoma cruzi. Among these, compound 5 was selected to be assayed in vivo.

Selective activity of polyene macrolides produced by genetically modified Streptomyces on Trypanosoma cruzi.

The growth inhibitory effects on Trypanosoma cruzi of several natural tetraene macrolides and their derivatives were studied and compared with that of amphotericin B. All tetraenes strongly inhibited in vitro multiplication. Proliferation of epimastigotes was arrested by all these drugs at < or =3.