Childhood-Onset Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis with a Vulvar Granuloma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Background: Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a rare multisystem necrotizing vasculitis associated with eosinophilia and extravascular granuloma and classically involving the upper and lower airways. There have only been a few reported cases of gynecologic involvement in EGPA.

Case: We present an 8-year-old girl diagnosed with EGPA with a vulvar granuloma in what is, to our knowledge, the first reported pediatric gynecologic manifestation of EGPA.

Successful Improvement of Pain Symptomatology in a Suspected Case of Cramp-Fasciculation Syndrome via Interventional Pain Treatment.

Peripheral nerve hyperexcitability (PNH) syndromes are a rare set of neuromuscular disorders that include cramp-fasciculation syndrome (CFS) and Isaacs syndrome (IS). Successful treatment of these diseases has been achieved with antiepileptic medications; however, chronic pain symptoms can persist. We provide a case report of a 25-year-old female who has suffered from painful severe muscle spasms and fasciculations since childhood.

Using the Chinese version of Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale to describe postoperative delirium after hip surgery.

Objective: Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale (MDAS) assesses severity of delirium. However, whether the MDAS can be used in a Chinese population is unknown. Moreover, the optimal postoperative MDAS cutoff point for describing postoperative delirium in Chinese remains largely to be determined.

Preoperative cerebrospinal fluid β-Amyloid/Tau ratio and postoperative delirium.

Objective: The neuropathogenesis of postoperative delirium remains unknown. Low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) βamyloid protein (Aβ) and high CSF Tau levels are associated with Alzheimer's disease. We therefore assessed whether lower preoperative CSF Aβ/Tau ratio was associated with higher incidence and greater severity of postoperative delirium.

Chronic treatment with anesthetic propofol attenuates β-amyloid protein levels in brain tissues of aged mice.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. At the present time, however, AD still lacks effective treatments. Our recent studies showed that chronic treatment with anesthetic propofol attenuated brain caspase-3 activation and improved cognitive function in aged mice.

The potential dual effects of sevoflurane on AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway.

Background: Anesthesia with multiple exposures of commonly used inhalation anesthetic sevoflurane induces neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in young mice, but anesthesia with a single exposure to sevoflurane does not. AKT/glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) signaling pathway is involved in neurotoxicity and neurobehavioral deficits. However, whether sevoflurane can induce a dual effect (increase versus decrease) on the activation of AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway remains to be determined.

Cerebrospinal fluid aβ to tau ratio and postoperative cognitive change.

Objective: Determination of biomarker and neuropathogenesis of postoperative cognitive change (POCC) or postoperative cognitive dysfunction.

Background: POCC is one of the most common postoperative complications in elderly patients. Whether preoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) β-amyloid protein (Aβ) to tau ratio, an Alzheimer disease biomarker, is a biomarker for risk of POCC remains unknown.