Participatory Action Research and Knowledge Dissemination in Virtual Photovoice: Methodological Insights.

Despite the methodological spread of virtual photovoice, alignments to and potential advances for the participatory action research (PAR) and knowledge dissemination (KD) components of in-person photovoice are poorly understood. Detailing the PAR and KD processes, practices, and products drawn from a virtual photovoice study examining men's experiences of and perspectives about equitable intimate partner relationships, the current article offers three thematic findings. The first theme describes adapting established analytics of preview, review, and cross-photo comparisons to categorize and select images from a large collection of participant-produced photographs ( = 714).

Effectiveness of pharmacological treatments for severe agitation in real-world emergency settings: protocol of individual-participant-data network meta-analysis.

Background: Severe psychomotor agitation and aggression often require immediate pharmacological intervention, but clear evidence-based recommendations for choosing among the multiple options are lacking. To address this gap, we plan a systematic review and individual-participant-data network meta-analysis to investigate their comparative effectiveness in real-world emergency settings with increased precision.

Methods: We will include randomized controlled trials investigating intramuscular or intravenous pharmacological interventions, as monotherapy or in combination, in adults with severe psychomotor agitation irrespective of the underlying diagnosis and requiring rapid tranquilization in general or psychiatric emergency settings.

How should non-emergency EMS presentations be managed? A thematic analysis of politicians', policymakers', clinicians' and consumers' viewpoints.

Objective: In 2023, Australian government emergency medical services (EMS) responded to over 4 million consumers, of which over 56% were not classified as an 'emergency', at the cost of AU$5.5 billion. We explored the viewpoints of politicians, policymakers, clinicians and consumers on how these non-emergency requests should be managed.

The Economic Impact of Community Paramedics Within Emergency Medical Services: A Systematic Review.

Background And Objective: Globally, emergency medical services (EMSs) report that their demand is dominated by non-emergency (such as urgent and primary care) requests. Appropriately managing these is a major challenge for EMSs, with one mechanism employed being specialist community paramedics. This review guides policy by evaluating the economic impact of specialist community paramedic models from a healthcare system perspective.

Implementation and use of the Safewards model in healthcare services: A scoping review.

Safewards is a multi-intervention mental health nursing model of practice improvement aimed at preventing and reducing conflict and containment. The use of Safewards has now extended beyond mental health settings. Implementation of Safewards has been reported to be challenging and therefore requires an evidence-informed and structured approach.

Safewards in acute medical/surgical care wards: Capability, Opportunity, Motivation and Behaviour model and Theoretical Domains Framework analysis.

Background: Safewards is an evidence-based practice improvement model to minimise conflict in inpatient mental health units. There is limited published research on implementing Safewards in acute medical/surgical care wards.

Objective: To identify, from nurses' perspectives, barriers, and facilitators to implement four Safewards interventions in acute medical/surgical care wards.

Agitation during anaesthetic emergence: An observational study of adult cardiac surgery patients in two Australian intensive care units.

Background: Anaesthetic emergence agitation among adult patients being recovered after open cardiac and/or thoracic aorta surgery has not been described.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to characterise emergence agitation in terms of incidence, clinical features, and consequences in a cohort of cardiac surgery patients being recovered in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods: A prospective, observational pilot study was implemented.

Cost-Effectiveness of Midazolam Versus Haloperidol Versus Olanzapine for the Management of Acute Agitation in the Accident and Emergency Department.

Objectives: A multicenter randomized clinical trial in Hong Kong Accident and Emergency (A&E) departments concluded that intramuscular (IM) olanzapine is noninferior to haloperidol and midazolam, in terms of efficacy and safety, for the management of acutely agitated patients in A&E setting. Determining their comparative cost-effectiveness will further provide an economic perspective to inform the choice of sedative in this setting.

Methods: This analysis used data from a randomized clinical trial conducted in Hong Kong A&E departments between December 2014 and September 2019.

The Snake Study: Survey of National Attitudes and Knowledge in Envenomation.

Despite recent reviews of best practice for the treatment of Australian venomous bites and stings, there is controversy about some aspects of care, particularly the use of antivenom. Our aim was to understand current attitudes and practice in the management of suspected snake envenoming. A single-stage, cross-sectional survey of Australian emergency care physicians who had treated snake envenomation in the previous 36 months was conducted.

Screening major trauma patients for prevalence of illicit drugs.

Introduction: Australasian emergency departments (ED) routinely test patient alcohol levels following major trauma, but assessment for illicit drugs is uncommon.

Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study of major motor-vehicle-related trauma patients attending both adult major trauma centres in Victoria, Australia. All eligible patients had point-of-care saliva testing to determine the prevalence of common illicit drugs.

Characteristics and clinical outcomes for mental health patients admitted to a behavioural assessment unit: Implications for model of care and practice.

Behavioural assessment units (BAU) have been established in emergency departments (EDs) to provide short-term observation, treatment, and care to people experiencing acute behavioural disturbance. A prospective observational study was conducted in a cohort of adult patients admitted to one BAU located within an ED (July-December 2017) to compare clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes, and use of restrictive interventions for those who received a specialist mental health (MH) assessment with those who did not. Of the 457 patients, 61.

Amphetamine-type stimulant use among patients admitted to the emergency department behavioural assessment unit: Screening and referral outcomes.

Amphetamine-type stimulant use, including methamphetamine, amphetamine, and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, is associated with a range of behavioural symptoms. Screening for amphetamine-type stimulant use among people presenting to the emergency department with behavioural disturbance and referral to treatment has not been evaluated. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of amphetamine-type stimulant use among patients admitted to a behavioural assessment unit and report referral outcomes.

Prevalence of illicit substance use among patients presenting to the emergency department with acute behavioural disturbance: Rapid point-of-care saliva screening.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of illicit substance use among patients presenting to one ED with acute behavioural disturbance using point-of-care saliva testing.

Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted. Acute behavioural disturbance was defined as any episode requiring a security response for unarmed threat (Code Grey).

Risk Factors for Sedation-related Events During Acute Agitation Management in the Emergency Department.

Objective: The objective was to describe the incidence, nature, and risk factors for adverse events (AEs) among patients who received parenteral sedation for acute agitation in an emergency department (ED) setting.

Methods: We undertook a prospective observational study and a clinical trial of parenteral sedation for the management of acute agitation. We included agitated adult patients who required parenteral sedation from 2014 to 2017 in 12 Australian EDs, excluding those with incomplete information or aged under 18 years.

Economic Evaluation of Midazolam-Droperidol Combination, Versus Droperidol or Olanzapine for the Management of Acute Agitation in the Emergency Department: A Within-Trial Analysis.

Background: The combination of midazolam and droperidol has proven superior to droperidol or olanzapine monotherapy in the management of acute agitation in emergency departments (EDs).

Objective: This is the first economic analysis to evaluate the cost-benefit and cost effectiveness of the midazolam-droperidol combination compared with droperidol or olanzapine for the management of acute agitation in EDs.

Methods: This analysis used data derived from a randomised, controlled, double-blind clinical trial conducted in two metropolitan Australian EDs between October 2014 and August 2015.

Don't Label Me: A Qualitative Study of Patients' Perceptions and Experiences of Sedation During Behavioral Emergencies in the Emergency Department.

Objectives: Behavioral emergencies are commonly seen in emergency departments (EDs). Acutely agitated patients can be difficult to manage and sedation may be required to decrease dangerous behavior and to ensure the safety of both the patient and the staff. While the experience of staff caring for this population has been reported, patients' experiences with their overall management remains unknown.

Intravenous midazolam-droperidol combination, droperidol or olanzapine monotherapy for methamphetamine-related acute agitation: subgroup analysis of a randomized controlled trial.

Aim: To examine the efficacy and safety of (1) midazolam-droperidol versus droperidol and (2) midazolam-droperidol versus olanzapine for methamphetamine-related acute agitation.

Design And Setting: A multi-centre, randomized, double-blind, controlled, clinical trial was conducted in two Australian emergency departments, between October 2014 and September 2015.

Participants: Three hundred and sixty-one patients, aged 18-65 years, requiring intravenous medication sedation for acute agitation, were enrolled into this study.

Midazolam-Droperidol, Droperidol, or Olanzapine for Acute Agitation: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Study Objective: We aim to determine the most efficacious of 3 common medication regimens for the sedation of acutely agitated emergency department (ED) patients.

Methods: We undertook a randomized, controlled, double-blind, triple-dummy, clinical trial in 2 metropolitan EDs between October 2014 and August 2015. Patients aged 18 to 65 years and requiring intravenous medication sedation for acute agitation were enrolled and randomized to an intravenous bolus of midazolam 5 mg-droperidol 5 mg, droperidol 10 mg, or olanzapine 10 mg.