Association Between Dietary Acid Load and Grip Strength in Adults 50 Years and Older: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Minimal data exist on whether the acid-base balance of the diet is linked to muscle strength. The aim of this study was to determine if dietary acid load is associated with grip strength in a nationally representative sample of middle- to older-age adults. We examined the cross-sectional association of grip strength with dietary acid load quantified through potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) in 4,059 adults aged 50 years and older in the 2011-2014 NHANES survey cycles.

Development and Feasibility of an eHealth Diabetes Prevention Program Adapted for Older Adults-Results from a Randomized Control Pilot Study.

Lifestyle programs that reduce health risks and support weight loss (WL) in older adults face adherence and attendance challenges due to reduced energy requirements, impaired mobility, lack of transportation, and low social support. Tailored lifestyle and weight management programs are needed to better support healthy aging for older adults. Here, we developed and piloted an age-adapted, remotely delivered modification of the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP).

An Overlooked Medication-Induced Celiac Flare Complicating Treatment of Osteoporosis.

Background/objective: Celiac disease, an immune reaction to gluten causing nutrient malabsorption, and long-term glucocorticoid therapy adversely affect bone metabolism and increase fracture risk.

Case Report: A patient with long-standing celiac disease on a strict gluten-free diet and long-term glucocorticoid therapy status post kidney transplant for Sjögren syndrome-induced interstitial nephritis presented for management of osteoporosis. Initial evaluation was notable for secondary hyperparathyroidism, which resolved after switching to a gluten-free calcium citrate supplement.

Effect of a GH Secretagogue, Anamorelin, on Serum Irisin and Inflammation Levels in Osteosarcopenic Adults.

Background: Data suggest an association between GH secretion and circulating levels of the myokine irisin and inflammatory cytokinesIL-6 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). The impact of GH secretagogues on these markers is unknown.

Objectives: To determine the effect of treatment with the GH secretagogue anamorelin on 12-month changes in serum irisin, IL-6, and hsCRP levels and to assess whether baseline irisin levels modulate the glycemic response to treatment with anamorelin.

Effect of Anamorelin, a Ghrelin Receptor Agonist, on Muscle and Bone in Adults With Osteosarcopenia.

Context: Anamorelin, a ghrelin receptor agonist known to stimulate the pulsatile release of GH from the pituitary, has the potential to improve musculoskeletal health in adults with osteosarcopenia.

Objective: To determine the effect of anamorelin treatment for 1 year on muscle mass and strength and on biochemical markers of bone turnover in adults with osteosarcopenia (OS).

Design: Randomized, placebo-controlled, 1-year anamorelin intervention trial.

An Unusually Prolonged Case of FGF23-mediated Hypophosphatemia Secondary to Ferric Carboxymaltose Use.

Ferric carboxymaltose (FCM)-induced hypophosphatemia is seen in up to 75% of patients receiving this therapy for iron deficiency anemia. Hypophosphatemia has been attributed to increased circulating levels of fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23), the transcription of which is upregulated in an iron-deficient state. However, hypophosphatemia typically resolves within 12 weeks of FCM administration.

Randomized controlled trial of a novel lifestyle intervention used with or without meal replacements in work sites.

Objective: Lifestyle interventions have had limited effectiveness in work sites when evaluated in randomized trials. This study assessed the effectiveness of a novel lifestyle intervention for weight loss (Healthy Weight for Living [HWL]) implemented with or without meal replacements (MR) in work sites. HWL used a new behavioral approach emphasizing reducing hunger and building healthy food preferences, and, unlike traditional lifestyle interventions, it did not require calorie counting.

Effect of vitamin D supplementation on circulating fibroblast growth factor-23 concentration in adults with prediabetes.

Background: Recent meta-analyses report that vitamin D supplementation increases blood fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) level.

Objectives: To determine the effect of 4000 IU/day of vitamin D for 12 months on circulating FGF23 levels. We also examined the association of the achieved 25-hydroxyvitamin D level [25(OH)D] with the FGF23 level at 12 months and with 12-month changes in FGF23.

Effect of vitamin D vs. calcifediol on VDR concentration and fiber size in skeletal muscle.

Introduction: This study sought to examine the effect of vitamin D (VD) 3200 IU/d, calcifediol (HyD) 20mcg/d, or placebo on intramyonuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR) concentration, muscle fiber cross-sectional area (FCSA), and muscle satellite cell activation.

Materials And Methods: It was conducted on a subset of the VD (n = 12), HyD (n = 11), and placebo (n = 13) groups who participated in the 6-month randomized controlled HyD Osteopenia Study in postmenopausal women. Baseline and 6-month vastus lateralis muscle cross sections were probed for VDR, fiber type I and II, and PAX7 (satellite cell marker) using immunofluorescence.

Effects of Vitamin D with Calcium and Associations of Mean 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels with 3-Year Change in Muscle Performance in Healthy Older Adults in the Boston STOP IT Trial.

The purpose of this analysis was to assess whether (1) daily vitamin D plus calcium supplementation vs. placebo or (2) the mean 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level achieved during a 3-year trial was associated with muscle performance or balance in the Boston STOP IT study. Methods We conducted exploratory analyses in 386 men and women age 65 years and older who participated in the Boston STOP IT trial and had one or more muscle performance or balance assessments at baseline and 3 years.

A Randomized Study on the Effect of Dried Fruit on Acid-Base Balance, Diet Quality, and Markers of Musculoskeletal Health in Community Dwelling Adults.

Objectives: We tested whether 100 g/day of dried fruit (vs. no supplemental fruit control) for 6 months alters 24-hr urinary net acid excretion (NAE), bone resorption, weight, body composition, muscle performance, and diet quality. We explored consistency of self-selected dietary composition and potential renal acid load (PRAL).

Intra-trial Mean 25(OH)D and PTH Levels and Risk of Falling in Older Men and Women in the Boston STOP IT Trial.

Context: Supplementation with vitamin D has the potential to both reduce and increase risk of falling, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) may contribute to fall risk.

Objective: To assess the associations of intra-trial mean circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and PTH on incident falls in healthy older adults.

Design: Observational within a clinical trial.

Effects of Low Doses of L-Carnitine Tartrate and Lipid Multi-Particulate Formulated Creatine Monohydrate on Muscle Protein Synthesis in Myoblasts and Bioavailability in Humans and Rodents.

The primary objective of this study was to investigate the potential synergy between low doses of L-carnitine tartrate and creatine monohydrate to induce muscle protein synthesis and anabolic pathway activation in primary human myoblasts. In addition, the effects of Lipid multi-particulates (LMP) formulation on creatine stability and bioavailability were assessed in rodents and healthy human subjects. When used individually, L-carnitine tartrate at 50 µM and creatine monohydrate at 0.

Vitamin D Supplementation and Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: Observational studies support an association between a low blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and the risk of type 2 diabetes. However, whether vitamin D supplementation lowers the risk of diabetes is unknown.

Methods: We randomly assigned adults who met at least two of three glycemic criteria for prediabetes (fasting plasma glucose level, 100 to 125 mg per deciliter; plasma glucose level 2 hours after a 75-g oral glucose load, 140 to 199 mg per deciliter; and glycated hemoglobin level, 5.

Pilot Study Examining the Influence of Potassium Bicarbonate Supplementation on Nitrogen Balance and Whole-Body Ammonia and Urea Turnover Following Short-Term Energy Restriction in Older Men.

With aging there is a chronic low-grade metabolic-acidosis that may exacerbate negative protein balance during weight loss. The objective of this randomized pilot study was to assess the impact of 90 mmol∙day potassium bicarbonate (KHCO₃) versus a placebo (PLA) on 24-h urinary net acid excretion (NAE), nitrogen balance (NBAL), and whole-body ammonia and urea turnover following short-term diet-induced weight loss. Sixteen (KHCO₃; = 8, PLA; = 8) older (64 ± 4 years) overweight (BMI: 28.

Effects of Potassium Bicarbonate Supplements on Circulating microRNA Expression.

Several studies suggest that neutralizing acid load in the diet with alkali had favorable effects on intermediate markers of musculoskeletal health. We examined whether alkali supplementation with potassium bicarbonate [(KHCO); 81 mmol/d; n = 12] vs placebo (n = 12) for 84 days altered serum microRNAs, potential biomarkers associated with innumerable biological processes including bone and muscle metabolism. Serum microRNAs, urinary net acid excretion (UNAE), urinary -telopeptide (UNTX), urinary calcium (UCa), urinary nitrogen (UN), glomerular filtration rate, serum procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide (P1NP), serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and its serum binding protein IGFBP3 were measured at baseline and day 84.

Increasing alkali supplementation decreases urinary nitrogen excretion when adjusted for same day nitrogen intake.

Unlabelled: We examined whether escalating doses of potassium bicarbonate (KHCO) supplements alter urinary nitrogen excretion expressed as a ratio to same day nitrogen intake (measure of muscle-protein breakdown). The ratio declined significantly from placebo to low to high dose of KHCO supplementation in older adults over 3 months, suggesting muscle-sparing.

Introduction: Neutralization of dietary acid load with alkali supplementation (i.

Upregulation of circulating myomiR following short-term energy restriction is inversely associated with whole body protein synthesis.

The objective of the present investigation was to determine whether energy restriction (ER) influences expression of skeletal muscle-specific microRNA (miRNA) in circulation (c-myomiR) and whether changes in c-myomiR are associated with rates of whole body protein synthesis. Sixteen older (64 ± 2 yr) overweight (28.5 ± 1.

A likely cranial osteodystrophy (Paget's disease of bone) in a Precolumbian, Mesoamerican stone sculpture.

This short note illustrates facial and head features found in a stone sculpture of the ancient, Precolumbian period in a temple of the Mayan city of Copan (Honduras). The authors believe that this observation may support paleoanthropological evidence of Paget's disease of bone, an osteodystrophy described in the Mesoamerican Indian populations before the first millennium A.D.

Association between body weight and composition and plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D level in the Diabetes Prevention Program.

Objective: We examined associations between body weight and plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration (25OHD) in prediabetes and sought to estimate the impact of adiposity on these associations.

Methods: The study was conducted in the placebo (n = 1082) and intensive lifestyle (n = 1079) groups of the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP), a multicenter trial to prevent type 2 diabetes in adults with prediabetes. Weight and 25OHD were measured at baseline, month 6, years 1 and 2.

Potassium Bicarbonate Supplementation Lowers Bone Turnover and Calcium Excretion in Older Men and Women: A Randomized Dose-Finding Trial.

The acid load accompanying modern diets may have adverse effects on bone and muscle metabolism. Treatment with alkaline salts of potassium can neutralize the acid load, but the optimal amount of alkali is not established. Our objective was to determine the effectiveness of two doses of potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3 ) compared with placebo on biochemical markers of bone turnover, and calcium and nitrogen (N) excretion.

Post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia exacerbated by chyle leak.

Unlabelled: Transient hypocalcemia after thyroidectomy is not uncommon and the risk increases with the extent of neck surgery. We report a case of severe and prolonged hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy complicated by thoracic duct injury. Hypoparathyroidism and thoracic duct injury are potential complications following total thyroidectomy with extensive lymph node dissection.

Vitamin D receptor protein is associated with interleukin-6 in human skeletal muscle.

Vitamin D is associated with skeletal muscle physiology and function and may play a role in intramuscular inflammation, possibly via the vitamin D receptor (VDR). We conducted two studies to examine (1) whether serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and/or intramuscular VDR protein concentrations are associated with intramuscular interleukin-6 (IL-6) and/or tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα); and (2) whether 16-week supplementation with vitamin D3 alters intramuscular IL-6 and/or TNFα. Potential-related signaling pathways were also examined.

Effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and vitamin D3 on the expression of the vitamin d receptor in human skeletal muscle cells.

Vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression and action in non-human skeletal muscle have recently been reported in several studies, yet data on the activity and expression of VDR in human muscle cells are scarce. We conducted a series of studies to examine the (1) effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) on VDR gene expression in human primary myoblasts, (2) effect of 16-week supplementation with vitamin D3 on intramuscular VDR gene expression in older women, and (3) association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and intramuscular VDR protein concentration in older adults. Human primary myoblasts were treated with increasing concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D3 for 18 h.