Dietary intake of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids is linked to gray matter volume and cognitive function in elderly.

In the present study, we tested whether elderly with a high dietary intake of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) would have higher cognitive test scores and greater brain volume than those with low dietary intake of these fatty acids. Data were obtained from the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) cohort. The dietary intake of EPA and DHA was determined by a 7-day food protocol in 252 cognitively healthy elderly (122 females) at the age of 70 years.

Muscle atrophy in aging and chronic diseases: is it sarcopenia or cachexia?

Cachexia and sarcopenia present several analogies in both the pathogenic mechanisms and the clinical picture. The loss of muscle mass and strength is a hallmark of these two clinical conditions. Although frequently overlapping and often indistinguishable, especially in old individuals, these two conditions should be considered distinct clinical entities.

What is a healthy Nordic diet? Foods and nutrients in the NORDIET study.

Background: A healthy Nordic diet (ND), a diet based on foods originating from the Nordic countries, improves blood lipid profile and insulin sensitivity and lowers blood pressure and body weight in hypercholesterolemic subjects.

Objective: To describe and compare food and nutrient composition of the ND in relation to the intake of a Swedish reference population (SRP) and the recommended intake (RI) and average requirement (AR), as described by the Nordic nutrition recommendations (NNR).

Design: The analyses were based on an estimate of actual food and nutrient intake of 44 men and women (mean age 53±8 years, BMI 26±3), representing an intervention arm receiving ND for 6 weeks.

Functional changes in adipose tissue in a randomised controlled trial of physical activity.

Background: A sedentary lifestyle predisposes to cardiometabolic diseases. Lifestyle changes such as increased physical activity improve a range of cardiometabolic risk factors. The objective of this study was to examine whether functional changes in adipose tissue were related to these improvements.

Essential polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammation and mortality in dialysis patients.

Background: Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are essential nutrients with anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective properties. We investigated the association of essential dietary PUFA intake, reflected by plasma fatty acid composition, with inflammation and mortality in dialysis patients.

Methods: We recruited 222 Swedish dialysis subjects (39% women) with median age of 57 years and average 12 months of dialysis vintage.

Effects of DHA-rich n-3 fatty acid supplementation on gene expression in blood mononuclear leukocytes: the OmegAD study.

Background: Dietary fish oil, rich in n-3 fatty acids (n-3 FAs), e.g. docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), regulate inflammatory reactions by various mechanisms, e.

Effects of n-6 PUFAs compared with SFAs on liver fat, lipoproteins, and inflammation in abdominal obesity: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Replacing SFAs with vegetable PUFAs has cardiometabolic benefits, but the effects on liver fat are unknown. Increased dietary n-6 PUFAs have, however, also been proposed to promote inflammation-a yet unproven theory.

Objective: We investigated the effects of PUFAs on liver fat, systemic inflammation, and metabolic disorders.

Plasma phospholipid fatty acid content is related to disease activity in ankylosing spondylitis.

Objective: To investigate fatty acid composition in the diet, plasma phospholipids, and adipose tissue in a cohort of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and to determine their correlations to disease activity and blood lipids in a cross-sectional study.

Methods: Diet was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire in 66 patients with AS. Polyunsaturated fatty acids in plasma phospholipids and gluteal adipose tissue were measured using gas chromatography.

Toward a definition of sarcopenia.

The definition of sarcopenia has been thoroughly discussed by scientific stakeholders and industry representatives to increase the clinical applicability of the concept. The pooled consensus from 3 of 5 recent and parallel processes, of which 2 are pending, is that sarcopenia is mainly, but not only, an age-related condition defined by the combined presence of reduced muscle mass and muscle function. Contributing factors to sarcopenia are senescence, chronic disease, physical inactivity, and poor food intake.

Indications for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and survival in old adults.

Background: Many diseases striking old adults result in eating difficulties. Indications for selecting individuals for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) are unclear and everybody may not benefit from the procedure.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate indications for and survival after PEG insertion in patients older than 65 years.

Sarcopenia with limited mobility: an international consensus.

A consensus conference convened by the Society of Sarcopenia, Cachexia and Wasting Disorders has concluded that "Sarcopenia, ie, reduced muscle mass, with limited mobility" should be considered an important clinical entity and that most older persons should be screened for this condition. "Sarcopenia with limited mobility" is defined as a person with muscle loss whose walking speed is equal to or less than 1 m/s or who walks less than 400 m during a 6-minute walk, and who has a lean appendicular mass corrected for height squared of 2 standard deviations or more below the mean of healthy persons between 20 and 30 years of age of the same ethnic group. The limitation in mobility should not clearly be a result of otherwise defined specific diseases of muscle, peripheral vascular disease with intermittent claudication, central and peripheral nervous system disorders, or cachexia.

Sarcopenia: an undiagnosed condition in older adults. Current consensus definition: prevalence, etiology, and consequences. International working group on sarcopenia.

Sarcopenia, the age-associated loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, has considerable societal consequences for the development of frailty, disability, and health care planning. A group of geriatricians and scientists from academia and industry met in Rome, Italy, on November 18, 2009, to arrive at a consensus definition of sarcopenia. The current consensus definition was approved unanimously by the meeting participants and is as follows: Sarcopenia is defined as the age-associated loss of skeletal muscle mass and function.

A comparative study of tissue ω-6 and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in benign and malignant pathologic stage pT2a radical prostatectomy specimens.

Objective: To analyze different polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) tissue levels in malignant compared with benign prostatic tissue from the same prostate specimens.

Materials And Methods: Fresh frozen benign and malignant prostatic tissue was obtained from radical prostatectomy specimens in 49 men with pathologic stage pT2a prostate cancer. Histopathologic examination confirmed that all tissues from each prostate being analyzed were either completely benign or almost totally malignant.

Frequency of malnutrition in older adults: a multinational perspective using the mini nutritional assessment.

Objectives: To provide pooled data on the prevalence of malnutrition in elderly people as evaluated using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA).

Design: Retrospective pooled analysis of previously published datasets.

Setting: Hospital, rehabilitation, nursing home, community.

Simple advice on lifestyle habits and long-term changes in biomarkers of inflammation and vascular adhesion in healthy middle-aged men.

Background/objectives: Lifestyle habits, vascular function and inflammation are components in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We investigated whether simple advice on dietary and exercise habits given (at a single time point) to hypercholesterolemic men affects circulating biomarkers of inflammation and vascular adhesion.

Subjects/methods: In total, 157 men (age 46±5 years) with mild hypercholesterolemia were randomized to four intervention groups, diet (D, n=40), exercise (E, n=39), diet and exercise (DE, n=39) or controls (C, n=39) and serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1) and soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin) were quantified at baseline and after a 6-month intervention period.

Energy dense oleic acid rich formula to newly admitted geriatric patients--feasibility and effects on energy intake.

Background & Aims: Old patients seldom reach their energy requirements. The effects of an oleic acid rich formula on energy intake and appetite were studied.

Methods: Recently admitted geriatric patients (n = 71), likely to stay >1 week were randomised to receive 30 ml of a fat emulsion (Calogen(®)) 3 times daily, i.

Mediterranean and carbohydrate-restricted diets and mortality among elderly men: a cohort study in Sweden.

Background: Comparative studies on dietary patterns and long-term mortality are sparse.

Objective: The objective was to examine the relations between 10-y mortality and adherence to the World Health Organization dietary guidelines [Healthy Diet Indicator (HDI)], a Mediterranean-like diet, and a carbohydrate-restricted (CR) diet in elderly Swedish men.

Design: Dietary habits were determined by 7-d dietary records in a population-based longitudinal study of 924 Swedish men (age: 71 ± 1 y).

Biomarkers of milk fat and the risk of myocardial infarction in men and women: a prospective, matched case-control study.

Background: High intakes of saturated fat have been associated with cardiovascular disease, and milk fat is rich in saturated fat.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the association between the serum milk fat biomarkers pentadecanoic acid (15:0), heptadecanoic acid (17:0), and their sum (15:0+17:0) and a first myocardial infarction (MI).

Design: The study design was a prospective case-control study nested within a large population-based cohort in Sweden.

Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis: Report of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People.

The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) developed a practical clinical definition and consensus diagnostic criteria for age-related sarcopenia. EWGSOP included representatives from four participant organisations, i.e.

Nutritional status and cognitive function in community-living rural Bangladeshi older adults: data from the poverty and health in ageing project.

Objectives: To investigate the association between nutritional status and general and specific (fluid and crystallized) cognitive functioning in a group of older people living in a rural area in Bangladesh.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Matlab, Bangladesh.

Adipose tissue fatty acids and insulin sensitivity in elderly men.

Aims/hypothesis: Dietary fatty acids may affect insulin sensitivity. Adipose tissue fatty acid composition partly reflects long-term dietary intake, but data from large studies regarding relationships with insulin sensitivity are lacking. We aimed to determine the association between adipose tissue fatty acids and insulin sensitivity in elderly Swedish men.

Does rehabilitation matter in patients with femoral neck fracture and cognitive impairment? A prospective study of 246 patients.

Unlabelled: Al-Ani AN, Flodin L, Söderqvist A, Ackermann P, Samnegård E, Dalén N, Sääf M, Cederholm T, Hedström M. Does rehabilitation matter in patients with femoral neck fracture and cognitive impairment? A prospective study of 246 patients.

Objective: To identify factors associated with preserved walking ability and Katz activities of daily living (ADLs) index at 4-month and 12-month follow-up in cognitively impaired patients with femoral neck fracture.

Consensus definition of sarcopenia, cachexia and pre-cachexia: joint document elaborated by Special Interest Groups (SIG) "cachexia-anorexia in chronic wasting diseases" and "nutrition in geriatrics".

Chronic diseases as well as aging are frequently associated with deterioration of nutritional status, loss muscle mass and function (i.e. sarcopenia), impaired quality of life and increased risk for morbidity and mortality.