Unravelling Effects of Rosemary ( L.) Extract on Hepatic Fat Accumulation and Plasma Lipid Profile in Rats Fed a High-Fat Western-Style Diet.

The objective of the study was to investigate the preventive effect on obesity-related conditions of rosemary ( L.) extract (RE) in young, healthy rats fed a high-fat Western-style diet to complement the existing knowledge gap concerning the anti-obesity effects of RE in vivo. Sprague Dawley rats (71.

Opposing roles of the entero-pancreatic hormone urocortin-3 in glucose metabolism in rats.

Aim/hypothesis: Urocortin-3 (UCN3) is a glucoregulatory peptide produced in the gut and pancreatic islets. The aim of this study was to clarify the acute effects of UCN3 on glucose regulation following an oral glucose challenge and to investigate the mechanisms involved.

Methods: We studied the effect of UCN3 on blood glucose, gastric emptying, glucose absorption and secretion of gut and pancreatic hormones in male rats.

L-Cell Expression of Melanocortin-4-Receptor Is Marginal in Most of the Small Intestine in Mice and Humans and Direct Stimulation of Small Intestinal Melanocortin-4-Receptors in Mice and Rats Does Not Affect GLP-1 Secretion.

The molecular sensors underlying nutrient-stimulated GLP-1 secretion are currently being investigated. Peripheral administration of melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) agonists have been reported to increase GLP-1 plasma concentrations in mice and humans but it is unknown whether this effect results from a direct effect on the GLP-1 secreting L-cells in the intestine, from other effects in the intestine or from extra-intestinal effects. We investigated L-cell expression of MC4R in mouse and human L-cells by reanalyzing publicly available RNA sequencing databases (mouse and human) and by RT-qPCR (mouse), and assessed whether administration of MC4R agonists to a physiologically relevant gut model, isolated perfused mouse and rat small intestine, would stimulate GLP-1 secretion or potentiate glucose-stimulated secretion.

The Effect of Melatonin on Incretin Hormones: Results From Experimental and Randomized Clinical Studies.

Context: Glucose homeostasis is under circadian control through both endocrine and intracellular mechanisms, with several lines of evidence suggesting that melatonin affects glucose homeostasis.

Objective: To evaluate the acute in vivo and in situ effects of melatonin on secretion of the incretin hormones, glucagon-like-peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), and their impact on β-cell insulin secretion.

Design: A human randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover study combined with a confirmatory in situ study of perfused rat intestines.