Although immune check-point inhibitors (CPIs) revolutionized treatment of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), patients with CPI-refractory MCC lack effective therapy. More than 80% of MCC express T-antigens encoded by Merkel cell polyomavirus, which is an ideal target for T-cell receptor (TCR)-based immunotherapy. However, MCC often repress HLA expression, requiring additional strategies to reverse the downregulation for allowing T cells to recognize their targets.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To investigate the effectiveness of educational poster on improving secondary school students' knowledge of emergency management of dental trauma.
Methods: A cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted. 16 schools with total 671 secondary students who can read Chinese or English were randomised into intervention (poster, 8 schools, 364 students) and control groups (8 schools, 305 students) at the school level.
Objectives: To investigate Hong Kong secondary school students' knowledge of emergency management of dental trauma.
Method: A questionnaire survey on randomly selected secondary school students using cluster sampling.
Results: Only 36.
Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of educational posters in improving the knowledge level of primary and secondary school teachers regarding emergency management of dental trauma.
Methods: A cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted. 32 schools with a total of 515 teachers were randomised into intervention (poster) and control groups at the school level.
Background: Incidence of condyloma, or genital warts (GW), is the earliest possible disease outcome to measure when assessing the effectiveness of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination strategies. Efficacy trials that follow prespecified inclusion and exclusion criteria may not be fully generalizable to real-life HPV vaccination programs, which target a broader segment of the population. We assessed GW incidence after on-demand vaccination with quadrivalent HPV vaccine using individual-level data from the entire Swedish population.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOBJECTIVES. To investigate the level of knowledge about emergency management of dental trauma among Hong Kong primary and secondary school teachers. DESIGN.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines were introduced to the market in 2006 and 2007. The present pilot study was designed to examine the incidence of genital warts in the population up to 23 y of age in the county of Stockholm before the start of mass HPV vaccination.
Methods: Data from the electronic health records of 9 youth clinics in the county of Stockholm were collected retrospectively for the y 2006-2008.
Purpose: To assess awareness and knowledge of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the adult Swedish population.
Methods: A cross-sectional study among young adults aged 18-30 years and the parents of children aged 12-15 years was conducted in 2007 to collect information on awareness and knowledge of HPV. Correlates of HPV knowledge were investigated.
Acceptability of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination seems to be high in the Western world but fewer data are available for men than for women. There are also concerns that HPV vaccination might lead young people to change their healthcare-related behaviours. We investigated these issues in a population-based survey performed in Sweden during January-May, 2007, just after HPV vaccination had been licensed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn this population-based survey undertaken in Sweden in 2007, we investigated correlates of attitudes to human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among parents of children aged 12-15 years. We invited 16,000 parents of girls and 4,000 parents of boys, randomly selected from the Swedish population. Response rates were 70 and 69%, respectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnlabelled: There is no information on the misunderstanding of dental scaling; on whether the misunderstanding affects the general public to go for scaling or not; on complaints about dental scaling and suggestion of who should educate the public in the existing literature. This study gives the information from the general public in Hong Kong.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey by telephone interview on a random sample of 1412 subjects aged 13 years and above in Hong Kong was conducted from 3rd January to 15th February 2006.
Marriage and family therapy programs need to go beyond the typical practices of recruiting and retaining students of color. Marriage and family therapy educators must assume positions of leadership by transforming graduate programs to reflect a deep, active, systemic commitment to both diversity and social justice. In this article, we argue that it is through this type of transformation that programs become truly ready to support students of color and to prepare all therapists to advocate for equity in a diverse, often unfair society.
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