[Micro data on the demand for care of dependent older people in Italy: A review of available sources].

Objectives: to provide researchers and stakeholders with an overview of the statistical sources of micro data available for estimating and studying the demand for care for dependent older people in Italy.

Design: analysis of questionnaires and variable displays from statistical surveys conducted on the resident population in Italy, selecting datasets that: 1. include at least one question on non-self-sufficiency and the related demand for care; 2.

Trends in the Use of Home LTC Services in Large, Medium and Small Municipalities in Italy: Lessons for the Post-COVID-19 Reappraisal.

Italian Long-Term Care is considered largely inadequate, and the recent COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically exposed its limitations. Public Home Care Services in particular were revealed as under-financed and unable to cover the potential demand for care from the older population. But does the type of municipality and its geographic location play a role in creating or mitigating unmet demand? This is the first study addressing this research question in Italy.

Gender inequality in Latin American Neuroscience community.

Gender bias in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) has been identified since a long time ago. However, gender imbalance in neuroscience has not yet been adequately explored worldwide. Here we report the first study on the development of the careers of men and women neuroscientists in Latin America in relation to family life and their perceptions of obstacles to success.

Grandparents providing childcare in Italy.

Research on the choices of childcare arrangements in Italy shows the fundamental role of grandparents in providing informal childcare. Therefore, it is important to understand how grandparents provide different types of childcare, especially in terms of differences in their socio-economic, demographic and physical status, jointly with the characteristics of their grandchildren. Grandparents aged 50 and over with at least one non-co-resident grandchild aged 13 years or less were selected from the 2009 Italian household survey.

What do we know about grandparents? Insights from current quantitative data and identification of future data needs.

Against the background of a 'new wave' of empirical studies investigating various aspects of grandparenthood across a broad range of regional contexts, this article aims to take stock of what has been achieved so far and which lessons we can learn from this for the future. Our focus is on the measurement of grandparenthood and grandparenting in quantitative social surveys and the implications this has for the substantive questions we can ask and the answers we can get out of such data. For several broader questions-who is a grandparent and when does this transition happen; what does it mean to be a grandparent; and what are the implications of grandparenthood for families?-we review previous questionnaire items from a variety of surveys as well as studies in which they were used.

Sex Differences in Medication and Primary Healthcare Use before and after Spousal Bereavement at Older Ages in Denmark: Nationwide Register Study of over 6000 Bereavements.

Background. The study aimed to examine sex differences in healthcare use before and after widowhood to investigate whether reduced healthcare use among widowers compared with widows may partially explain excess mortality and more adverse health outcomes among men than women after spousal loss. Methods.

Marital history, health and mortality among older men and women in England and Wales.

Background: Health benefits of marriage have long been recognised and extensively studied but previous research has yielded inconsistent results for older people, particularly older women. At older ages accumulated benefits or disadvantages of past marital experience, as well as current marital status, may be relevant, but fewer studies have considered effects of marital history. Possible effects of parity, and the extent to which these may contribute to marital status differentials in health, have also been rarely considered.

Differences over time in the relationship between partnership disruptions and support in early old age in Britain.

Objective: We examined variations over time in the relationship between past partnership disruption (due to divorce, separation, and death) and present support (coresidence with, help to and from, and contact with children) in early old age in Britain.

Methods: Employing data from the 2001/2 British Household Panel Survey and the 1988/9 Survey of Retirement and Retirement Plans, we investigated whether differences in support over time were due to changes in (a) the composition of the population (e.g.

Marital disruptions and loss of support in later life: a longitudinal study of the United Kingdom.

Marital disruption (i.e. due to death, divorce or separation) at older ages is an important issue as it removes the usual primary source of help and support: a husband or wife.

Multiple role occupancy and social participation among midlife wives and husbands in the United Kingdom.

We investigated the relationship between intensive multiple role occupancy and one key dimension of well-being, social participation (i.e., frequency of participation in social and leisure activities and meeting friends or relatives).

Twins and their health cost: consequences of multiple births on parental health and mortality in Denmark and England and Wales.

The rapid increase in twinning rates in developed countries has increased interest in the question as to whether twin mothers have higher mortality and more health problems than mothers of singletons. Here we use a national survey, the Office for National Statistics Longitudinal Study of England & Wales, and a linkage between the Danish Twin Registry and the Danish population register to examine mortality patterns after age 45 (50 for fathers) for twin parents and the whole population born from 1911 to 1950. For England and Wales, presence of limiting long-term illnesses and self-rated health status was also investigated.

The oldest old in Great Britain: change over the last 20 years.

This article examines twenty-year trends in several demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the oldest old. Using data obtained by merging consecutive waves of the General Household Survey (GHS), this study offers detailed descriptive and multivariate analyses of the use of selected health services and the living arrangements of the oldest old over the last 20 years. The results provide an insight into the characteristics of the oldest old and changes over time in the selected characteristics, that is, the increase in the proportion living alone and in hospital out-patient visits, in contrast with the stability in the proportion visiting their General Practitioner (GP).

The influence of social relations on mortality in later life: a study on elderly Danish twins.

Purpose: We examined whether the presence of a spouse and the frequency of interaction with children, relatives, and friends significantly influence the risk of dying in late life. We assessed these effects separately by gender, controlling for self-reported health. In addition, we examined whether interaction with the co-twin has a different impact on mortality for identical and fraternal twins.

The health consequences of multiple roles at older ages in the UK.

Increasing proportions of men and women are combining family (including care-giving) and work responsibilities in later life; however, the relationship between multiple role commitments and health at older ages remains unclear. Employing data from the longitudinal Retirement Survey (1988-1989 and 1994), the present authors applied logistic regression models to investigate the relationship between multiple role occupancy (1) cross-sectionally in 1988-1989 and health status in 1994; (2) retrospectively over the respondent's lifetime up to 1988-1989 and health outcomes in 1988-1989; and (3) retrospectively between 1988-1989 and 1994, and health status in 1994. The health outcomes considered were (1) general health status, (2) functional ability and (3) severity of disability category.

The demographic characteristics of the oldest old in the United Kingdom.

Those aged 85 and over (the oldest old) are the fastest growing age group in the population of many developed countries. However it is still uncommon to find statistics and analysis of this age group in current reporting. This article draws together demographic characteristics of people aged 85 and over from various different national data sources to provide an up-to-date picture of the oldest old.

Sex differences in mortality, a comparison of the United Kingdom and other developed countries.

Women, on average, live longer than men, though sex differences in mortality vary from country to country and over time. This study includes a description of recent changes in life expectancies at different ages, followed by a more detailed analysis of death rates by age in selected countries. Additionally it provides a historical perspective on the sex differences in mortality in France and England and Wales.

Fertility history and health in later life: a record linkage study in England and Wales.

Women born at different periods within the 20th century in England and Wales have followed varying fertility pathways with large changes in, for example, proportions having no children or only one child. Among the consequences of these changes may be effects on women's health later in life. Links between fertility histories and later health and mortality have been investigated in several studies, but in many of these socio-economic characteristics have not been allowed for, even though there are socio-economic differences in both fertility and mortality patterns and results are conflicting.

Demographic data needs for an ageing population.

A consequence of population ageing is an increased need for demographic information on the older population. This presents new challenges for data collection. This article analyses several key aspects of data collection on older people, including survey design and questions.

Revisiting convergence and divergence: support for older people in Europe.

Recent commentators have distinguished 'weak' from 'strong' family societies, arguing that older people in less family-oriented societies receive less support from family members than those in countries with strong family ties (e.g. Southern Europe).

Contacts between elderly parents and their children in four European countries: current patterns and future prospects.

Frequency of contacts with the family is an indicator of the strength of intergenerational exchange and potential support for older people. Although the availability of children clearly represents a constraint on potential family support, the extent of interaction with and support received from children depends on factors other than demographic availability alone. This study examined the effects of socio-economic and demographic variables on weekly contacts with children in Great Britain, Italy, Finland and The Netherlands using representative survey data which included information on availability of children and extent of contact.

Living arrangements among older people: an overview of trends in Europe and the USA.

This article compares the trends in living arrangements of older people in several European countries and in the United States. Trends and cross-country variability in several factors that could account for these cross-national differences, including marital status, fertility, labour force participation and attitudes, are also examined. In most countries the proportion of older people living alone increased substantially between 1970 and 1990.

Changes in the distribution of marital age differences in England and Wales, 1963 to 1998.

Assumptions about the 'typical' age gap between spouses underlie much social policy (e.g. the five-year difference in men's and women's state pension ages).