Twenty-four Month Multidisciplinary Follow-up of Multisystemic Inflammatory Syndrome Patients in a Tertiary Pediatric Hospital in Chile: A Prospective Study.

Multisystemic inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) is a severe postinfectious condition. This study aims to detail long-term follow-up. Forty-five patients were followed up for 24 months, inflammatory markers were normalized at 3 months and echocardiographic alterations were resolved in all patients at 6 months, remaining normal.

Outcome of Infants Born to Women with Chronic Hepatitis B: A Local Risk-Based Strategy in a Low Prevalence Country.

Background: Chronic hepatitis-B virus (HBV) infection due to mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) during the perinatal period is an important global health concern. Chile is a low-prevalence country with an increasing migratory inflow from Latin- American countries, with intermediate to high endemic rates of HBV infection, and until 2021, there is no universal maternal screening. This study aimed to evaluate infant outcomes using a risk-based strategy of maternal screening to prevent MTCT of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in a low-prevalence country.

Resurgence of congenital syphilis: new strategies against an old foe.

Congenital syphilis is a major global cause of fetal loss, stillbirth, neonatal death, and congenital infection. In 2020, the global rate of congenital syphilis was 425 cases per 100 000 livebirths-substantially higher than WHO's elimination target of 50 cases per 100 000 livebirths. Case rates are rising in many high-income countries, but remain low compared with those in low-income and middle-income settings.

[SARS-CoV-2 infection in people living with HIV. Topics on the global panorama and in Chile].

The COVID-19 disease is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and was declared a pandemic by the WHO on March 11, 2020. To date, more than 500 million people have been infected and it has caused over 6 million deaths worldwide. People that belong to the most vulnerable risk groups, such as those at the extremes of life, patients with chronic comorbidities and those with severe immunosuppression, are especially susceptible to developing a severe form of COVID-19 infection and death.

Deep immunophenotyping reveals biomarkers of multisystemic inflammatory syndrome in children in a Latin American cohort.

Background: Multisystemic inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a life-threatening disease that occurs 2-5 weeks after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 exposure and is characterized by severe multisystemic inflammation. Early recognition of MIS-C is key to prognosis; therefore, establishing clinical and laboratory biomarkers that predict complications is urgently needed.

Objective: We characterized the immune response and clinical features of patients with acute MIS-C and determined biomarkers of disease in a cohort of 42 Latin American patients.

Multicenter analysis of neutrophil extracellular trap dysregulation in adult and pediatric COVID-19.

Dysregulation in neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation and degradation may play a role in the pathogenesis and severity of COVID-19; however, its role in the pediatric manifestations of this disease, including multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and chilblain-like lesions (CLLs), otherwise known as "COVID toes," remains unclear. Studying multinational cohorts, we found that, in CLLs, NETs were significantly increased in serum and skin. There was geographic variability in the prevalence of increased NETs in MIS-C, in association with disease severity.

[Acute pancreatitis associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in a pediatric patient].

Introduction: The recent discovery of SARS-CoV-2 and the disease COVID-19 which affects different organs and systems, mainly the respiratory one, representing a new challenge for physicians. Pancreatic affection is barely described, with only a few cases reported in the literature.

Objective: to communicate a case of acute pancreatitis associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, to contribute to the knowledge of this new virus and its possible forms of presentation.

Multicenter analysis of neutrophil extracellular trap dysregulation in adult and pediatric COVID-19.

Unlabelled: Dysregulation in neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation and degradation may play a role in the pathogenesis and severity of COVID-19; however, its role in the pediatric manifestations of this disease including MIS-C and chilblain-like lesions (CLL), otherwise known as "COVID toes", remains unclear. Studying multinational cohorts, we found that, in CLL, NETs were significantly increased in serum and skin. There was geographic variability in the prevalence of increased NETs in MIS-C, in association with disease severity.

Neurologic Features Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children: A Case Series Report.

Introduction: Although multiple neurologic manifestations associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection have been described in adults, there is little information about those presented in children. Here, we described neurologic manifestations associated with COVID-19 in the pediatric population.

Methods: Retrospective case series report.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Antibody Prevalence in Blood in a Large School Community Subject to a Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak: A Cross-sectional Study.

Background: A severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak affecting 52 people from a large school community in Santiago, Chile, was identified (12 March) 9 days after the first case in the country. We assessed the magnitude of the outbreak and the role students and staff played using self-administered antibody detection tests and a self-administered survey.

Methods: The school was closed on 13 March, and the entire community was placed under quarantine.

[Screening of hepatitis B in high risk Chilean and immigrant pregnant women: Management of mother to child transmission].

Background: Chile is a low-endemic HBV country, but countries with the highest migratory flow to Chile have an intermediate-high endemicity. In order to avoid vertical transmission of HBV, immunoprophylaxis (IP) in the newborn (NB) is a key factor.

Aim: To identify HBsAg prevalence in pregnant immigrants and Chilean pregnant women with risk behaviors (RB) and to asses IP use in the NB.

[Nephronia in pediatrics: part of the spectrum of upper urinary tract infections. Clinical cases and review of the literature].

Nephronia or focal acute nephritis corresponds to a localized inflammatory non-liquefactive kidney infection which may involve parenchyma of one or more renal lobes. It has been suggested that nephronia is part of the spectrum of upper urinary tract infections between acute pyelonephritis and renal abscess. It is associated with a prolonged clinical course, higher levels of inflammatory markers and an increased risk of renal scarring, compared to pyelonephritis.

[Acute abdomen in the elderly].

Background: Nearly 10% of emergency consultations are due to acute abdominal pain. In people over 65 years old, it can have atypical presentations, that retard the correct diagnosis and worsens prognosis.

Aim: To study the causes, evolution and prognosis of acute abdomen in the elderly.