[Off-label use of mycophenolate mofetil in immune-mediated diseases].

Background: Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is a largely used immunosuppressive agent in the prevention of transplant rejection and lupus nephritis. Its use has been extended to other immune-mediated diseases (ID).

Aim: To assess the off-label use of MMF, its performance as a glucocorticoid sparing agent, the therapeutic response, and its adverse effects.

The role of plant size in the selection of glyphosate resistance in Sorghum halepense.

Background: The effect of plant size (seedlings versus young plants versus adult plants) on the phenotypic level of glyphosate resistance and selection intensity (SI) in Sorghum halepense with and without a reduced glyphosate translocation resistance mechanism was evaluated.

Results: Resistance parameters [the 50% lethal dose (LD ) and the dose required to cause a 50% reduction in plant growth (GR )] in adult plants were notably higher than in seedlings regardless of the resistance status. However, under similar plant size increases, populations comprised of glyphosate-resistant (R) individuals showed higher survival and growth when glyphosate treated compared with glyphosate-susceptible (S) plants.

No escape? Costs and benefits of leaf de-submergence in the pasture grass Chloris gayana under different flooding regimes.

Elongation-induced leaf emergence is one way for plants to deal with complete submergence by 'escaping' from water. This growth strategy is hypothesised to be more beneficial under single long-term submergence than under repeated short-term submergence events (i.e.

Phenomic networks reveal largely independent root and shoot adjustment in waterlogged plants of Lotus japonicus.

Waterlogging imposes severe stress to the plant, and the interplay between root and aerial organs in the adjustment to this stress is poorly understood. A set of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of Lotus japonicus (Gifu B-129 × Miyakojima MG-20) was subjected to control and waterlogging conditions for 21 d, and 12 traits related to leaf physiological functioning, root aerenchyma formation, shoot and root morphology, and dry mass accumulation were assessed to generate phenomic networks. The phenomic network became more complex under waterlogging as a result of the incorporation of root aerenchyma and dark-adapted Fv/Fm.