Fungal biodegradation of chlorinated herbicides: an overview with an emphasis on 2,4-D in Argentina.

Chlorinated herbicides are one of the main types of pesticide used in agriculture. In Argentina, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is the most applied herbicide for the control of broadleaf weeds, but the risks it poses for the environment and human health are cause for great concern. A promising technology to remove this kind of pollutants, or neutralize them in such a way that they become less or non-toxic, is the use of degrading or detoxifying microorganisms from contaminated sites.

Survey of organochlorine-tolerant culturable mycota from contaminated soils, and 2,4-D removal ability of Penicillium species in synthetic wastewater.

Agrochemical wastewater, which is produced by the extensive use of herbicides, has become a serious environmental pollutant. In this study, culturable mycota were isolated from soils contaminated with herbicides 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA), and their ability to tolerate and remove 2,4-D was assessed. The mycota were isolated on solid medium supplemented with 10 mmol L of MCPA or 2,4-D.

Influence of a glyphosate-based herbicide on growth parameters and aflatoxin B production by Aspergillus section Flavi on maize grains.

Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) are the main pesticides applied worldwide on maize production. Glyphosate-resistant weeds led to the repeated application of high doses of the pesticide. In addition to environmental conditions, the presence of GBH affects the development of Aspergillus species and aflatoxin B (AFB) production under in vitro conditions.

Effects of chlorpyrifos on growth and aflatoxin B production by Aspergillus section Flavi strains on maize-based medium and maize grains.

Chlorpyrifos is one of the most used insecticides in agro-ecosystems and is repeatedly applied due to the increase in pest resistance, which leads to environmental accumulation. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of chlorpyrifos on growth and aflatoxin B (AFB) production by four Aspergillus section Flavi strains, under different water conditions-a (0.93, 0.

Herbicides based on 2,4-D: its behavior in agricultural environments and microbial biodegradation aspects. A review.

One of the main herbicides used in the agricultural environments is 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). It is a synthetic plant hormone auxin employed in many crops including rice, wheat, sorghum, sugar cane, and corn to control wide leaf weeds. The indiscriminate use of pesticides can produce numerous damages to the environment.

Isolation of culturable mycota from Argentinean soils exposed or not-exposed to pesticides and determination of glyphosate tolerance of fungal species in media supplied with the herbicide.

The current agricultural system has led to the development of glyphosate (GP)-resistant weeds, causing an increase in GP doses and applications. Native mycota of pesticide-contaminated sites are the major source of pesticide-degrading microorganisms. The aims of the present study were to isolate the GP-tolerant culturable mycota in two soils with different pesticide exposure from Córdoba, Argentina, and to evaluate the growth parameters in native fungal isolates in the presence of GP and the effective dose that caused 50% growth reduction.

Effect of in vitro glyphosate on Fusarium spp. growth and disease severity in maize.

Background: Glyphosate (GP) is one of the main pesticides used for maize production. Fusarium sp. is a fungal genus with several phytopathogenic species and toxigenic features.

Effect of atrazine on growth and production of AFB in Aspergillus section Flavi strains isolated from maize soils.

Atrazine is one of the most frequently used herbicides in Argentina for controlling broadleaf weeds and annual grasses. Currently, there is limited information on the impact of triazine herbicides on mycotoxin production and growth parameters of toxigenic fungi in maize. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of atrazine on the lag phase prior to growth, the growth rate, and on production of aflatoxin B (AFB) of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus strains, on maize meal extract agar (MMEA) under different water activities (a) and temperatures.

Development and removal ability of non-toxigenic Aspergillus section Flavi in presence of atrazine, chlorpyrifos and endosulfan.

This study evaluated the in vitro effect of three concentrations of atrazine, chlorpyrifos and endosulfan on the growth parameters of four non-toxigenic Aspergillus section Flavi strains. The ability of the strains to remove these pesticides in a synthetic medium was also determined. Growth parameters were measured on soil extract solid medium supplied with 5, 10 and 20mg/l of each pesticide, and conditioned to -0.

Assessment of growth of Aspergillus spp. from agricultural soils in the presence of glyphosate.

Agriculture is one of the bases of the Argentine economy. Glyphosate is undoubtedly one of the most important herbicides used. The increasing consumption and the efficiency of glyphosate-based herbicides have encouraged several studies on their persistence in soils, their effects on soil microbiota and their degradation processes.

Isolation of culturable mycobiota from agricultural soils and determination of tolerance to glyphosate of nontoxigenic Aspergillus section Flavi strains.

Glyphosate-based herbicides are extensively used in Argentina's agricultural system to control undesirable weeds. This study was conducted to evaluate the culturable mycobiota [colony forming units (CFU) g(-1) and frequency of fungal genera or species] from an agricultural field exposed to pesticides. In addition, we evaluated the tolerance of A.

Influence of the pesticides glyphosate, chlorpyrifos and atrazine on growth parameters of nonochratoxigenic Aspergillus section Nigri strains isolated from agricultural soils.

This investigation was undertake to determine the effect of glyphosate, chlorpyrifos and atrazine on the lag phase and growth rate of nonochratoxigenic A. niger aggregate strains growing on soil extract medium at -0.70, -2.

Effect of indigenous mycobiota on ochratoxin A production by Aspergillus carbonarius isolated from soil: ochratoxin in mixed cultures.

This study determined the biotic interaction between 30 non-toxigenic indigenous strains of Aspergillus niger aggregate, Aspergillus flavus, Trichoderma spp., Mucor spp., Cladosporium spp.

Influence of herbicide glyphosate on growth and aflatoxin B1 production by Aspergillus section Flavi strains isolated from soil on in vitro assay.

The effect of six glyphosate concentrations on growth rate and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) production by Aspergillus section Flavi strains under different water activity (aW) on maize-based medium was investigated. In general, the lag phase decreased as glyphosate concentration increased and all the strains showed the same behavior at the different conditions tested. The glyphosate increased significantly the growth of all Aspergillus section Flavi strains in different percentages with respect to control depending on pesticide concentration.