Exploiting Integrin-αVβ3 to Enhance Radiotherapy Efficacy in Medulloblastoma via Ferroptosis.

Medulloblastoma, a malignant pediatric brain tumor, has a poor prognosis upon relapse, highlighting a critical clinical need. Our previous research linked medulloblastoma cell radioresistance to integrin-αvβ3 expression. β3-depleted (β3_KO) medulloblastoma cells exhibit lipid hydroxyperoxide accumulation after radiotherapy, indicating ferroptosis, a regulated cell death induced by ROS and inhibited by antioxidants such as cysteine, glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4).

Adapted EXTREME regimen in the first-line treatment of fit, older patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (ELAN-FIT): a multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 trial.

Background: A standard treatment for fit, older patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is yet to be established. In the previous EXTREME trial, few older patients were included. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of an adapted EXTREME regimen in fit, older patients with recurrent or metastatic HNSCC.

Cetuximab versus methotrexate in first-line treatment of older, frail patients with inoperable recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer (ELAN UNFIT): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial.

Background: At present, there is no established standard treatment for frail older patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of cetuximab to those of methotrexate (the reference regimen) in this population.

Methods: This randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial was done at 20 hospitals in France.

Integrin-αvβ3 is a Therapeutically Targetable Fundamental Factor in Medulloblastoma Tumorigenicity and Radioresistance.

Unlabelled: Medulloblastoma is one of the most prevalent solid tumors found in children, occurring in the brain's posterior fossa. The standard treatment protocol involves maximal resection surgery followed by craniospinal irradiation and chemotherapy. Despite a long-term survival rate of 70%, wide disparities among patients have been observed.

Radiosurgery for classical trigeminal neuralgia: impact of the shot size on clinical outcome.

Background: This study compares the outcome of patients suffering from medically refractory classical trigeminal neuralgia (TN) after treatment with radiosurgery using two different shot sizes (5- and 6-mm).

Methods: All patients included in this open, prospective, non-controlled study were treated in a single institution for TN (95 cases in 93 patients) with LINear ACcelerators (LINAC) single-dose radiosurgery using a 5-mm shot (43 cases) or 6-mm shot (52 cases). The target was positioned on the intracisternal part of the trigeminal nerve.

Treatment of inoperable elderly head and neck cancer patients.

Purpose Of Review: Elderly head and neck cancer (HNC) patients are very rarely enrolled in clinical trials, and even more so in dedicated trials in curative or palliative setting. As a result, no standards of treatment exist for this population and thus, adaptation of standard treatments is commonly used.

Recent Findings: The choice between a monotherapy and a platinum-cetuximab combination is based on the performance status, which is not suitable and/or sufficient to evaluate the patient ability to receive a systemic treatment combined or not with radiotherapy.

Detectors assessment for stereotactic radiosurgery with cones.

The purpose of this work is to assess eight detectors performance for output factor (OF), percent depth dose (PDD), and beam profiles in a 6-MV Clinac stereotactic radiosurgery mode for cone irradiation using Monte Carlo simulation as reference. Cones with diameters comprised between 30 and 4 mm have been studied. The evaluated detectors were ionization chambers: pinpoint and pinpoint 3D, diodes: SRS, P and E, Edge, MicroDiamond and EBT3 radiochromic films.

Total radiation dose and overall treatment time are predictive for tumor sterilization in cervical carcinoma treated with chemoradiation and pulsed-dose-rate brachytherapy.

Background And Purpose: Treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer involves multidisciplinary care using external beam radiotherapy, chemotherapy, brachytherapy, and surgery. We aimed to compare both tumor and treatment characteristics between patients with complete pathologic response (CR) and patients with residual disease (RD).

Patients And Methods: This monocentric retrospective study included 40 consecutive patients, treated with external beam radiotherapy, pulsed-dose-rate brachytherapy, and completion surgery.

Integrating respiratory-gated PET-based target volume delineation in liver SBRT planning, a pilot study.

Background: To assess the feasibility and benefit of integrating four-dimensional (4D) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) - computed tomography (CT) for liver stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) planning.

Methods: 8 patients with 14 metastases were accrued in the study. They all underwent a non-gated PET and a 4D PET centered on the liver.

Predictive factors for early and late local toxicities in anal cancer treated by radiotherapy in combination with or without chemotherapy.

Background: The treatment of anal cancer is based on concomitant radiotherapy and chemotherapy and is associated with a nonnegligible rate of local severe toxicities that can strongly impair the quality of life.

Objective: A retrospective analysis was performed to screen the following factors as potential predictive factors for local skin and digestive toxicities, and as potential prognostic factors for cumulative colostomy incidence: sex, age, tumor size, clinical T and N stage, circumferential extension, invasion of anal margin, HIV status, type of chemotherapy, and type of radiotherapy and dose delivered.

Methods: One hundred five patients in our database treated between January 2000 and February 2010 met the eligibility criteria.

Role of brachytherapy in the boost management of anal carcinoma with node involvement (CORS-03 study).

Purpose: To assess retrospectively the clinical outcome in anal cancer patients, with lymph node involvement, treated with split-course radiation therapy and receiving a boost through external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) or brachytherapy (BCT).

Methods And Materials: From 2000 to 2005, among 229 patients with invasive nonmetastatic anal squamous cell carcinoma, a selected group of 99 patients, with lymph node involvement, was studied. Tumor staging reported was T1 in 4 patients, T2 in 16 patients, T3 in 49 patients, T4 in 16 patients, and T unknown in 14 patients and as N1 in 67 patients and N2/N3 in 32 patients.

Contrasted effects of the multitarget TKi vandetanib on docetaxel-sensitive and docetaxel-resistant prostate cancer cell lines.

Objectives: Overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and angiogenic factors is associated with the progression of androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC). We examined the effects of vandetanib, an inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFR), EGFR, and rearranged during transfection (RET) tyrosine-kinase activities, alone or combined with docetaxel, on PC3 docetaxel-sensitive (PC3wt) or docetaxel-resistant (PC3R) AIPC cell growth in vivo and in vitro.

Methods: Mice bearing PC3wt or PC3R tumors were treated for 3 weeks with vandetanib (25 or 50 mg/kg/d p.

Correlation in rectal cancer between clinical tumor response after neoadjuvant radiotherapy and sphincter or organ preservation: 10-year results of the Lyon R 96-02 randomized trial.

Purpose: To investigate, in rectal cancer, the benefit of a neoadjuvant radiation dose escalation with endocavitary contact radiotherapy (CXRT) in addition to external beam radiotherapy (EBRT). This article provides an update of the Lyon R96-02 Phase III trial.

Methods And Materials: A total of 88 patients with T2 to T3 carcinoma of the lower rectum were randomly assigned to neoadjuvant EBRT 39 Gy in 13 fractions (43 patients) vs.

Intensity-modulated radiotherapy in head and neck cancer: results of the prospective study GORTEC 2004-03.

Background And Purpose: In 2003, the French Authority for Health (HAS) recommended the use of intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in prospective trial before its routine use. The Oncology and Radiotherapy Group for Head and Neck Cancer (GORTEC) proposed to evaluate prospectively acute and late toxicities, locoregional control and overall survival for patients treated for head and neck cancer (HNC) with IMRT and bilateral neck irradiation.

Materials And Methods: Between 2002 and 2008, 208 patients with HNC were treated with IMRT in 8 centres.

Predictive clinical outcome of the intratumoral CD66b-positive neutrophil-to-CD8-positive T-cell ratio in patients with resectable nonsmall cell lung cancer.

Background: The role of the interaction between tumor cells and inflammatory cells in nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is unclear. In this study, the authors assessed the prognostic impact of intratumoral cluster of differentiation 66b (carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 8 [CD66b])-positive neutrophils and of the intratumoral CD66b-positive neutrophil-to-cluster of differentiation 8 (cell surface antigen T8 [CD8])-positive lymphocytes (the CD66b-positive neutrophil-to-CD8-positive lymphocyte ratio [iNTR]) in patients with resectable NSCLC.

Methods: Expression levels of CD66b and CD8 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays consisting of 632 NSCLC specimens from patients who underwent curative surgery.

Anal canal cancer: management of inguinal nodes and benefit of prophylactic inguinal irradiation (CORS-03 Study).

Purpose: To evaluate the benefit of prophylactic inguinal irradiation (PII) in anal canal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC).

Methods And Materials: This retrospective study analyzed the outcome of 208 patients presenting with ASCC treated between 2000 and 2004 in four cancer centers of the south of France.

Results: The population study included 35 T1, 86 T2, 59 T3, 20 T4, and 8 T stage unknown patients.

A specific approach for elderly patients with head and neck cancer.

Approximately 10% of head and neck (HN) tumors occur in patients aged more than or equal to 80 years. In this population, the main challenge for physicians is to deal with the benefit/risk ratio of treatments and tumor-related symptoms. As elderly patients are generally excluded from clinical trials, there is a lack of evidence-based data with regard to the most appropriate multidisciplinary management.

Can we increase the chance of sphincter saving surgery in rectal cancer with neoadjuvant treatments: lessons from a systematic review of recent randomized trials.

Purpose: A common hypothesis is that neo-adjuvant treatment in rectal cancer, is able to increase sphincter saving surgery. This review studies data relevant to this question.

Study Selection: A total of 17 randomized trials were analysed.

[Rectal cancer: which initial strategy?].

Surgery is the main treatment of rectal adenocarcinoma. After careful digital examination, rectoscopy and work-up, treatment decision is taken, in agreement with an informed patient according to the tumor stage. Early T1-2 tumors are treated with surgery first.

Bevacizumab/docetaxel association is more efficient than docetaxel alone in reducing breast and prostate cancer cell growth: a new paradigm for understanding the therapeutic effect of combined treatment.

Bevacizumab (Bvz), a Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)-targeted humanised monoclonal antibody, provides clinical benefit in combination with docetaxel (DXL), a microtubule-stabilising agent, in the treatment of metastatic breast and prostate cancers. Since VEGF and their receptors are expressed by tumour cells, we hypothesised that Bvz, in addition to its impact on neo-vascularisation, could have an impact on tumour cells and enhance the DXL activity. Hence, we studied the effect of DXL and Bvz on metastatic breast (MDA MB-231) and prostate (PC3) cancer cells lines.

High-dose split-course radiation therapy for anal cancer: outcome analysis regarding the boost strategy (CORS-03 study).

Purpose: To retrospectively assess the clinical outcome in anal cancer patients treated with split-course radiation therapy and boosted through external-beam radiation therapy (EBRT) or brachytherapy (BCT).

Methods And Materials: From January 2000 to December 2004, a selected group (162 patients) with invasive nonmetastatic anal squamous cell carcinoma was studied. Tumor staging reported was T1 = 31 patients (19%), T2 = 77 patients (48%), T3 = 42 patients (26%), and T4= 12 patients (7%).

Overexpression of carbonic anhydrase XII in tissues from resectable non-small cell lung cancers is a biomarker of good prognosis.

The pattern of protein expression in tumors is under the influence of nutrient stress, hypoxia and low pH, which determines the survival of neoplastic cells and the development of tumors. Carbonic anhydrase XII (CAXII) is a transmembrane enzyme that catalyzes the reversible hydration of cell-generated carbon dioxide into protons and bicarbonate. Hypoxic conditions activate its transcription and translation and enhanced expression is often present in several types of tumors.

Results of vocal rehabilitation using tracheoesophageal voice prosthesis after total laryngectomy and their predictive factors.

The aims of this retrospective study were to evaluate prosthetic voice restoration by tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) in laryngectomized patients and to identify clinical factors correlated with functional outcomes. Between 2000 and 2008, 103 patients who underwent total laryngectomy or pharyngolaryngectomy (TPL) were included in our study. Functional outcomes were recorded 6 months postoperatively, and results were scored from 0 to 2 for oral diet and speech intelligibility.

Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma in 260 patients aged 80years or more.

Purpose: We report the experience of two French cancer centers in the treatment of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in patients aged 80 years.

Materials And Methods: Two hundred and sixty patients aged 80 years with a primary oral cavity SCC were included in this retrospective analysis.

Results: Sex ratio was near to 1.