C-section and systemic inflammation synergize to disrupt the neonatal gut microbiota and brain development in a model of prematurity.

Infants born very preterm (below 28 weeks of gestation) are at high risk of developing neurodevelopmental disorders, such as intellectual deficiency, autism spectrum disorders, and attention deficit. Preterm birth often occurs in the context of perinatal systemic inflammation due to chorioamnionitis and postnatal sepsis. In addition, C-section is often performed for very preterm neonates to avoid hypoxia during a vaginal delivery.

Preterm Birth by Cesarean Section: The Gut-Brain Axis, a Key Regulator of Brain Development.

Understanding the long-term functional implications of gut microbial communities during the perinatal period is a bourgeoning area of research. Numerous studies have revealed the existence of a "gut-brain axis" and the impact of an alteration of gut microbiota composition in brain diseases. Recent research has highlighted how gut microbiota could affect brain development and behavior.

The Impact of Mouse Preterm Birth Induction by RU-486 on Microglial Activation and Subsequent Hypomyelination.

Preterm birth (PTB) represents 15 million births every year worldwide and is frequently associated with maternal/fetal infections and inflammation, inducing neuroinflammation. This neuroinflammation is mediated by microglial cells, which are brain-resident macrophages that release cytotoxic molecules that block oligodendrocyte differentiation, leading to hypomyelination. Some preterm survivors can face lifetime motor and/or cognitive disabilities linked to periventricular white matter injuries (PWMIs).

Prenatal diagnosis of congenital ventricular aneurysm and diverticulum: Prenatal features and perinatal management.

Unlabelled: Congenital ventricular diverticulum (VD) and aneurysm are rare cardiac developmental anomalies and their pathophysiology is still unclear. They present as an anomaly of the four chambers view, cardiomegaly, arrhythmia, pericardial effusion, or hydrops. They are usually isolated anomalies.

Use of the Robson classification to understand the increased risk of cesarean section in case of maternal obesity.

Background: The aim of this study was to identify characteristics of pregnant women with obesity that contribute to increased cesarean rate.

Methods: Retrospective cohort in a single academic institution between 2012 and 2019. Women who delivered during this period were classified according to the Robson classification.

Perinatal mortality and morbidity, timing and route of delivery in monoamniotic twin pregnancies: a retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: Monoamniotic twin pregnancies are at high risk of perinatal complications and fetal loss. The objective of this study is to describe the management and outcomes of monoamniotic twin pregnancies in a French university obstetrics department.

Methods: Retrospective review of all consecutive monoamniotic twin pregnancies managed between 1992 and 2018 in a level-3 university hospital maternity unit.

Double-balloon catheter versus prostaglandin for cervical ripening to induce labor after previous cesarean delivery.

Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of cervical ripening by a mechanical method (double-balloon catheter) and a pharmacological method (prostaglandins) in women with one previous cesarean delivery, an unfavorable cervix (Bishop score < 6), and a singleton fetus in cephalic presentation.

Methods: This retrospective study, reviewing the relevant records for the years 2013 through 2017, took place in two French university hospital maternity units. This study included women with one previous cesarean delivery, a liveborn singleton fetus in cephalic presentation, and intact membranes, for whom cervical ripening, with unfavorable cervix (Bishop score < 6) was indicated for medical reasons.

Trial of labor after cesarean and contribution of pelvimetry in the prognosis of neonatal morbidity.

Introduction: To estimate the association between an abnormal pelvic dimension at pelvimetry and the occurrence of severe neonatal morbidity after trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC).

Materials And Methods: Retrospective observational cases-controls study conducted at a level 3 maternity units between 2006 and 2016. Included women were patient with trial of labor after one previous cesarean section, alive singleton fetus in cephalic presentation ≥ 37WG.

Long interpregnancy interval and mode of delivery.

Purpose: WHO sets 24 months as the ideal minimum interpregnancy interval (IPI) to minimize maternal and perinatal adverse outcomes. Some studies suggest that an interval longer than 59 months may affect these outcomes, but little is known about its influence on labor. The primary objective of this study was to compare the cesarean delivery rate between primiparous women with a long IPI and, on the one hand, primiparous women with an ideal minimum IPI of 18-24 months and, on the other hand, with nulliparous women.

Impact of maternal age on intrapartum caesarean delivery rate in nulliparas with spontaneous labour.

Background: The advanced maternal age rate increases in developed countries. Older women have more pre-existing condition than youngest women and develop more frequently obstetrical pathologies responsible for a higher rate of caesarean delivery before labour and labour induction. For aged nulliparous without pathology who experience spontaneous labour, there is few data on the mode of delivery and on physiological labour according to maternal age.

Anterior Focal Adenomyosis and Bladder Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis: Is There a Link?

Study Objective: To evaluate the association between bladder deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) and anterior focal adenomyosis of the outer myometrium (aFAOM) diagnosed by preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Design: An observational, cross-sectional study using prospectively collected data (Canadian Task Force classification II-2).

Setting: Single university tertiary referral center.

Lung microRNA deregulation associated with impaired alveolarization in rats after intrauterine growth restriction.

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) was recently described as an independent risk factor of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, the main respiratory sequelae of preterm birth. We previously showed impaired alveolarization in rat pups born with IUGR induced by a low-protein diet (LPD) during gestation. We conducted a genome-wide analysis of gene expression and found the involvement of several pathways such as cell adhesion.

History of Uterine Surgery Is Not Associated With an Increased Severity of Bladder Deep Endometriosis.

Study Objective: To analyze whether a history of uterine surgery correlates with disease severity in patients with bladder deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE).

Design: This was an observational, cross-sectional study using data collected prospectively (Canadian Task Force classification II-2).

Setting: A single university tertiary referral center.