Memory or acclimation of water stress in pea rely on root system's plasticity and plant's ionome modulation.

Introduction: Peas, as legume crops, could play a major role in the future of food security in the context of worldwide human nutrient deficiencies coupled with the growing need to reduce consumption of animal products. However, pea yields, in terms of quantity and quality (i.e.

Transient Nutrient Deficiencies in Pea: Consequences on Nutrient Uptake, Remobilization, and Seed Quality.

Legume plants, such as peas, are of significant nutritional interest for both humans and animals. However, plant nutrition and thus, seed composition, depends on soil mineral nutrient availability. Understanding the impact of their deprivation on the plant mineral nutrient content, net uptake, and remobilization is of key importance but remains complex as the elements of the plant ionome are linked in intricate networks, one element deprivation impacting uptake and remobilization of other nutrients.

Drought Stress Memory at the Plant Cycle Level: A Review.

Plants are sessile organisms whose survival depends on their strategy to cope with dynamic, stressful conditions. It is urgent to improve the ability of crops to adapt to recurrent stresses in order to alleviate the negative impacts on their productivity. Although our knowledge of plant adaptation to drought has been extensively enhanced during the last decades, recent studies have tackled plant responses to recurrent stresses.

Embryogenesis of the peristaltic reflex.

Key Points: Neurogenic gut movements start after longitudinal smooth muscle differentiation in three species (mouse, zebrafish, chicken), and at E16 in the chicken embryo. The first activity of the chicken enteric nervous system is dominated by inhibitory neurons. The embryonic enteric nervous system electromechanically couples circular and longitudinal spontaneous myogenic contractions, thereby producing a new, rostro-caudally directed bolus transport pattern: the migrating motor complex.

Pivotal roles of environmental sensing and signaling mechanisms in plant responses to climate change.

Climate change reshapes the physiology and development of organisms through phenotypic plasticity, epigenetic modifications, and genetic adaptation. Under evolutionary pressures of the sessile lifestyle, plants possess efficient systems of phenotypic plasticity and acclimation to environmental conditions. Molecular analysis, especially through omics approaches, of these primary lines of environmental adjustment in the context of climate change has revealed the underlying biochemical and physiological mechanisms, thus characterizing the links between phenotypic plasticity and climate change responses.

A novel role of the glial fate determinant glial cells missing in hematopoiesis.

Glial cell deficient/Glial cells missing (Glide/Gcm) transcription factor is expressed in all glial precursors of the Drosophila embryo. Gcm is necessary and sufficient to induce glial differentiation but also plays a role in other cell types, by interacting with specific factors. To find potential partners of Gcm which trigger these other pathways, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen and identified dpias, a gene involved in post-embryonic hematopoiesis.

Gcm protein degradation suppresses proliferation of glial progenitors.

Gliogenesis in animal development is spatiotemporally regulated so that correct numbers of glia are present to support various neuronal functions. During Drosophila embryonic development, the glial regulatory gene, glial cell missing/glial cell deficient (gcm/glide), promotes glial cell fate and differentiation. Here we describe the ubiquitin-proteasome regulation of the Gcm protein and the consequence in gliogenesis without timely degradation of Gcm.

Neurogenic role of Gcm transcription factors is conserved in chicken spinal cord.

Although glial cells missing (gcm) genes are known as glial determinants in the fly embryo, the role of vertebrate orthologs in the central nervous system is still under debate. Here we show for the first time that the chicken ortholog of fly gcm (herein referred to as c-Gcm1), is expressed in early neuronal lineages of the developing spinal cord and is required for neural progenitors to differentiate as neurons. Moreover, c-Gcm1 overexpression is sufficient to trigger cell cycle exit and neuronal differentiation in neural progenitors.

Huckebein-mediated autoregulation of Glide/Gcm triggers glia specification.

Cell specification in the nervous system requires patterning genes dictating spatio-temporal coordinates as well as fate determinants. In the case of neurons, which are controlled by the family of proneural transcription factors, binding specificity and patterned expression trigger both differentiation and specification. In contrast, a single gene, glide cell deficient/glial cell missing (glide/gcm), is sufficient for all fly lateral glial differentiation.

Terminal tendon cell differentiation requires the glide/gcm complex.

Locomotion relies on stable attachment of muscle fibres to their target sites, a process that allows for muscle contraction to generate movement. Here, we show that glide/gcm and glide2/gcm2, the fly glial cell determinants, are expressed in a subpopulation of embryonic tendon cells and required for their terminal differentiation. By using loss-of-function approaches, we show that in the absence of both genes, muscle attachment to tendon cells is altered, even though the molecular cascade induced by stripe, the tendon cell determinant, is normal.