Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent form of arthritis and a major cause of pain and disability. The pathology of OA involves the whole joint in an inflammatory and degenerative process, especially in articular cartilage. OA may be divided into distinguishable phenotypes including one associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) of which dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia have been individually linked to OA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMaintaining an exchange between the disoriented elderly patient and his family circle is essential to help reduce patient anxiety. When visits are not possible, the implementation of video calls with highly disoriented individuals shows a benefit of these virtual exchanges. The introduction of new technologies, if accompanied, does not disturb the patient and does not alter the quality of the relationship.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: Based on a novel approach suggesting a role of adipose tissue in osteoarthritis (OA), we aimed to determine whether the infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) may affect joint cell functions through adipokines.
Methods: The conditioned media of IFP and subcutaneous adipose tissue from OA patients were used to determine the production of leptin and adiponectin, and to stimulate chondrocytes and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). Blocking experiments were carried out to evaluate the contribution of adipokines to IFP effects.
The role of body weight in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) - previously considered the sole factor in the association between obesity and OA - is being re-evaluated as the contribution of adiposity to the cartilage degenerative process becomes clearer. The current study has been undertaken to better understand the role of adipose-derived proteins, namely adipokines, in OA. For this purpose, we investigated in patients with OA the relationships between the joint levels of leptin, adiponectin and resistin and those of factors involved in inflammation and cartilage maintenance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlthough extensive evidence support the key role of adipokines in cartilage homeostasis, contradictory data have been found for their expression and their effects in chondrocytes. This study was then undertaken to determine whether a phenotypic modulation may affect the expression of adipokines and their receptors in human chondrocytes. The expression of leptin, adiponectin and their receptors, as well as cartilage-specific genes was examined in chondrocytes obtained from patients with osteoarthritis either directly after cells harvest or after culture in monolayer or in alginate beads.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Increasing evidence support the regulatory role of leptin in osteoarthritis (OA). As high circulating concentrations of leptin disrupt the physiological function of the adipokine in obese individuals, the current study has been undertaken to determine whether the elevated levels of leptin found in the joint from obese OA patients also induce changes in the chondrocyte response to leptin.
Methods: Chondrocytes isolated from OA patients with various body mass index (BMI) were treated with 20, 100 or 500 ng/ml of leptin.
Familiarity is better preserved than recollection in ageing. The age at which changes first occur and the slope of the subsequent decline, however, remain unclear. In this study, we investigated changes in episodic memory, by using event-related potentials (ERPs) in young (m=24), middle-aged (m=58) and older (m=70) adults.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFace and object priming has been extensively studied, but less is known about the repetition processes which are specific to each material and those which are common to both types of material. In order to track the time course of these repetition processes, EEG was recorded while 12 healthy young subjects performed a long-term perceptual repetition priming task using faces and object drawings. Item repetition induced early (N170) and late (P300 and 400-600 ms time-window) event-related potential (ERP) modulations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCarboxylic acid-containing drugs are metabolized mainly through the formation of glucuronide and coenzyme A esters. These conjugates have been suspected to be responsible for the toxicity of several nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs because of the reactivity of the electrophilic ester bond. In the present study we investigated the reactivity of ketoprofenyl-acylglucuronide (KPF-OG) and ketoprofenyl-acyl-coenzyme A (KPF-SCoA) toward cytosolic rat liver glutathione S-transferases (GST).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOxidative damage by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been considered relevant to the occurrence of gastro-intestinal side-effects. In the case of chiral arylpropionate derivatives like ketoprofen (KPF), this mechanism has been evidenced for the R-enantiomer, especially when chiral inversion was observed, and lets us suppose the involvement of CoA conjugates. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is the crucial enzyme to regenerate the GSH pool and maintain the intracellular redox potential.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit the cyclooxygenase (COX) isoforms which accounts for their clinical effects. The differential inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 is not sufficient to explain the absence of a correlation between in vitro and in vivo effects, especially for 2-aryl-propionates, thus indicating the participation of metabolites. Conjugates to glucuronic acid and to coenzyme-A are mainly produced, and have been shown to be chemically reactive.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAims: To assess if the inhibitory potency of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on cyclooxygenase (COX) isoenzymes, when given therapeutically in humans, can be predicted from their in vitro concentration-response curves using the whole blood assay.
Methods: Twenty-four healthy male volunteers aged 20--27 years were recruited. Inhibition of blood COX isoenzymes was determined in vitro before any drug intake and ex vivo after single and repeated intake of either 7.