[Pelvic congestion syndrome].

Pelvic congestion syndrome is an underdiagnosed disease, defined as chronic pelvic pain lasting more than 6 months, associated with pelvic varicose veins in premenopausal women. Diagnose is based on imagery after exclusion of other causes of pelvic pains. Echography is first line diagnostic modality.

[Is there still a space for the vaginal examination in the gynecological consultation ?].

The vaginal examination is too often part of the routine in periodic gynecological consultations. However, its performance as a screening examination for gynecological diseases such as cancers and infections is poor when performed in the asymptomatic patient. It is appropriate for cervical cancer screening every 3 years from the age of 21.

[Polycystic ovary syndrome in obese or type 1 diabetic (T1D) adolescent girls].

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is frequent during adolescence (prevalence ≈ 6 %), and the prevalence increases in obese or type 1 diabetic (T1D) adolescent girls. During puberty, PCOS diagnosis is difficult because of the overlap with some pubertal physiologic signs. The 2017 international consortium suggests two required diagnostic criteria: persistent menstrual disturbances and hyperandrogenism.

[Amenorrhea in athletic adolescents : the tip of the iceberg].

The female athletic triad refers to the interaction between menstrual function, energy availability and bone density. When an imbalance appears between energy input and output, the global health of the athletic teenager is at risk of somatic and/or psychological complications as defined by the RED-S (Relative Energy Deficiency in Sports). In athletic girls menstrual disorder should be seen as an alert.

Adolescents' contraception continuation in Switzerland: a prospective observational study.

Background: Securing the adherence over time to contraception by adolescent girls is a challenge. Until now little was known about this topic in Switzerland. The aim of our study was to determine contraceptive continuation rates among adolescents in this country and assess possible predictive factors for discontinuation.